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In the absence of an external magnetic field, nuclear spin states are degenerate and randomly oriented. When a magnetic field is applied, the spins begin to precess and orient themselves along (lower energy) or against (higher energy) the direction of the field. At equilibrium, a slight excess population of spins exists in the lower energy state. Because the direction of the magnetic field is fixed as the z-axis,  the precessing magnetic moments are randomly oriented around the z-axis.
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A stationary charge creates and interacts with the electric field, while a moving charge creates a magnetic field.
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Near absolute zero temperatures, in the presence of a magnetic field, the majority of nuclei prefer the lower energy spin-up state to the higher energy spin-down state. As temperatures increase, the energy from thermal collisions distributes the spins more equally between the two states. The Boltzmann distribution equation gives the ratio of the number of spins predicted in the spin −½ (N−) and spin +½ (N+) states.
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All atomic nuclei are positively charged. When they have a nonzero spin, they behave like rotating charges. As a consequence of their charge and spin, these nuclei generate a magnetic field (B). This, in turn, gives rise to a magnetic moment (μ), which is randomly oriented in the absence of an external magnetic field. When an external magnetic field (B0) is applied, the magnetic moment vectors can align with the field or against it in 2 + 1 orientations. A hydrogen nucleus, which is just a...
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Magnetic-field-driven localization of light in a cold-atom gas.

S E Skipetrov1, I M Sokolov2

  • 1Université Grenoble Alpes, LPMMC, F-38000 Grenoble, France and CNRS, LPMMC, F-38000 Grenoble, France.

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We discovered a transition from extended to localized light modes in a magnetic atomic gas. This transition resembles Anderson localization, influenced by atomic interactions and magnetic field effects.

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Area of Science:

  • Atomic physics
  • Quantum optics
  • Condensed matter physics

Background:

  • Quasimodes describe light propagation in atomic systems.
  • Magnetic fields can induce anisotropy in atomic media.
  • Anderson transitions describe the localization of waves in disordered systems.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the behavior of light quasimodes in a gas of two-level atoms subjected to a magnetic field.
  • To identify the conditions leading to a transition from extended to localized quasimodes.
  • To characterize the nature of this transition and its relation to known physical phenomena.

Main Methods:

  • Theoretical analysis of light propagation in a magnetized atomic gas.
  • Modeling of near-field interactions between atoms.
  • Investigation of the role of magnetic field-induced anisotropy.

Main Results:

  • A transition from extended to localized quasimodes was observed.
  • This transition occurs with increasing atom density or magnetic field strength.
  • The transition exhibits characteristics of an Anderson transition, modified by specific atomic and field interactions.

Conclusions:

  • The study reveals a novel transition in light localization within magnetized atomic gases.
  • Near-field interactions and magnetic anisotropy significantly influence this transition.
  • The findings offer insights into wave localization phenomena in anisotropic and interacting media.