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Related Concept Videos

Chirality02:25

Chirality

33.3K
Chirality is a term that describes the lack of mirror symmetry in an object. In other words, chiral objects cannot be superposed on their mirror images. For example, our feet are chiral, as the mirror image of the left foot, the right foot, cannot be superposed on the left foot.
Chiral objects exhibit a sense of handedness when they interact with another chiral object. For example, our left foot can only fit in the left shoe and not in the right shoe. Achiral objects — objects that have...
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Molecules with Multiple Chiral Centers02:25

Molecules with Multiple Chiral Centers

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Molecules that possess multiple chiral centers can afford a large number of stereoisomers. For instance, while some molecules like 2-butanol have one chiral center, defined as a tetrahedral carbon atom with four different substituents attached, several molecules like butane-2,3-diol have multiple chiral centers. A simple formula to predict the number of stereoisomers possible for a molecule with n chiral centers is 2n. However, there can be a lower number where some of the stereoisomers are...
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Chirality in Nature02:30

Chirality in Nature

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Chirality is the most intriguing yet essential facet of nature, governing life’s biochemical processes and precision. It can be observed from a snail shell pattern in a macroscopic world to an amino acid, the minutest building block of life. Most of the snails around the world have right-coiled shells because of the intrinsic chirality in their genes. All the amino acids present in the human body exist in an enantiomerically pure state, except for glycine - the sole achiral amino acid.
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Prochirality02:05

Prochirality

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The concept of prochirality leads to the nomenclature of the individual faces of a molecule and plays a crucial role in the enantioselective reaction. It is a concept where two or more achiral molecules react to produce chiral products. A typical process is the reaction of an achiral ketone to generate a chiral alcohol. Here, the achiral reactant reacts with an achiral reducing agent, sodium borohydride, to generate an equimolar mixture of the chiral enantiomers of the product. For example, an...
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Properties of Enantiomers and Optical Activity02:24

Properties of Enantiomers and Optical Activity

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It is essential to understand the difference between chiral and achiral interactions and the implications thereof in optical activity and their applications. Just as our feet, which are chiral, interact uniquely with chiral objects, such as a pair of shoes, but identically with achiral socks, enantiomers of a molecule exhibit different properties only when they interact with other chiral media. An example of a significant implication from this facet is the phenomenon known as optical activity,...
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Stereoisomerism of Cyclic Compounds02:33

Stereoisomerism of Cyclic Compounds

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In this lesson, we delve into the role of ring conformation and its stability, which determines the spatial arrangement and, consequently, the molecular symmetry and stereoisomerism of cyclic compounds. 1,2-Dimethylcyclohexane is used as a case study to evaluate the possible number of stereoisomers. Here, given the multiple (n = 2) chiral centers, there are 2n = 4 possible configurations that lack a plane of symmetry, as the ring skeleton exists in a non-planar chair conformation. In addition,...
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Fabrication And Characterization Of Photonic Crystal Slow Light Waveguides And Cavities
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Rotating optical microcavities with broken chiral symmetry.

Raktim Sarma1, Li Ge2, Jan Wiersig3

  • 1Department of Applied Physics, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA.

Physical Review Letters
|February 21, 2015
PubMed
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Rotation transforms light resonances in chiral microcavities, altering emission directions. This effect scales exponentially with cavity size, offering enhanced sensitivity to rotation compared to the Sagnac effect.

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Area of Science:

  • Optics and Photonics
  • Quantum Optics
  • Cavity Optomechanics

Background:

  • Open microcavities with broken chiral symmetry exhibit unique optical properties.
  • Understanding resonance behavior under rotation is crucial for developing novel sensors.
  • The Sagnac effect provides a benchmark for rotation sensing.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the transformation of copropagating-wave resonances to counterpropagating ones in chiral microcavities under rotation.
  • To quantify the rotation-induced changes in emission direction and intensity.
  • To explore the dependence of this phenomenon on cavity size and chirality.

Main Methods:

  • Utilizing open microcavities with engineered chiral symmetry.
  • Applying controlled rotation to the microcavity system.
  • Analyzing the output emission spectra and directions.
  • Varying cavity dimensions and shape to tune spatial chirality.

Main Results:

  • Quasidegenerate copropagating-wave resonances are converted to counterpropagating ones upon rotation.
  • A significant change in emission directions is observed.
  • The rotation-induced relative change in output intensity exhibits exponential scaling with cavity size.
  • Emission sensitivity to rotation can be maximized by tuning spatial chirality without compromising the quality factor.

Conclusions:

  • The demonstrated phenomenon offers a novel mechanism for rotation sensing with enhanced sensitivity.
  • The exponential scaling with cavity size presents a significant advantage over the linear scaling of the Sagnac effect.
  • Tunable spatial chirality in microcavities provides a pathway for optimizing rotation sensors.