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Related Concept Videos

Unsymmetric Bending01:18

Unsymmetric Bending

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Unsymmetrical bending occurs when the bending moment applied to a structural member does not align with its principal axis. This misalignment leads to complex stress distributions and deflection patterns that differ from those in symmetrical bending, and are essential for designing structures to withstand different loading conditions. In unsymmetrical bending, the neutral axis—where stress is zero—does not necessarily align with the geometric axes of the cross-section. The...
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Plastic Deformations of Members with a Single Plane of Symmetry01:21

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When a structural member undergoes plastic deformation due to bending, it is crucial to understand the position of the neutral axis and the stress distribution. This member, characterized by a single plane of symmetry, exhibits a uniform stress distribution, with negative stress above the neutral axis and positive stress below. Notably, the neutral axis does not align with the centroid of the cross-section. This misalignment is typical in cases where the cross-section is not rectangular or...
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Bending of Members Made of Several Materials01:11

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In analyzing a structural member composed of two different materials with identical cross-sectional areas, it is crucial to understand how their distinct elastic properties affect the member's response under load. The analysis involves assessing stress and strain distributions using the transformed section concept, which accounts for variations in material properties.
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Unsymmetric Bending - Angle of Neutral Axis01:15

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Unsymmetrical bending occurs when a structural member is subjected to bending moments in a plane that does not align with the member's principal axes. This scenario typically arises in beams and other structural components when loads are applied at non-ideal angles, introducing complexities in stress analysis.
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Electrocyclic reactions, cycloadditions, and sigmatropic rearrangements are concerted pericyclic reactions that proceed via a cyclic transition state. These reactions are stereospecific and regioselective. The stereochemistry of the products depends on the symmetry characteristics of the interacting orbitals and the reaction conditions. Accordingly, pericyclic reactions are classified as either symmetry-allowed or symmetry-forbidden. Woodward and Hoffmann presented the selection criteria for...
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In mechanical engineering, the stability of systems under various forces is critical for designing durable and efficient structures. One fundamental way to explore these concepts is by analyzing systems like two rods connected at a pivot point, O, with a torsional spring of spring constant k at the pivot point. This system is similar in appearance to a scissor jack used to change tires on a car. In this case, the arms of the linkage (equivalent to the rods in this system) are entirely vertical,...
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Origami multistability: from single vertices to metasheets.

Scott Waitukaitis1, Rémi Menaut2, Bryan Gin-ge Chen3

  • 1Huygens-Kamerlingh Onnes Lab, Leiden University, P.O. Box 9504, 2300 RA Leiden, Netherlands.

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Origami-inspired materials are multistable, with simple vertices exhibiting multiple stable shapes. This research demonstrates programmable shape and size control in origami metasheets through engineered multistability.

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Mechanical Engineering
  • Applied Physics

Background:

  • Origami principles are increasingly applied to material design.
  • Understanding the stability of fundamental origami units is crucial for developing advanced materials.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the multistability of degree-four vertices, the basic building blocks of origami-based materials.
  • To explore how geometric nonlinearities and fold energy parameters influence the number of stable states.
  • To demonstrate the programming of stability features into periodic tessellations for tunable material properties.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of folding motion dynamics in degree-four vertices.
  • Mathematical modeling to identify stable states based on vertex geometry and fold energy.
  • Design and simulation of periodic fold tessellations (metasheets) incorporating programmed stability.

Main Results:

  • Generic degree-four vertices exhibit multistability, with up to five stable states due to folding nonlinearities.
  • Special geometries with collinear folds and symmetry can lead to up to six stable states.
  • Monostability can be achieved by tuning fold energy parameters.
  • Periodic metasheets demonstrate tunable and switchable shape and size through programmed multistability.

Conclusions:

  • Degree-four vertices are fundamentally multistable, offering a rich platform for mechanical metamaterials.
  • The number of stable states can be precisely controlled by geometric design and fold energy.
  • Origami metasheets with programmed multistability offer novel functionalities for adaptive structures and devices.