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Related Concept Videos

Chambers of the Heart01:16

Chambers of the Heart

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The human heart is a complex organ made up of four chambers: the right and left atria and the right and left ventricles. These internal chambers are separated by partitions known as the interatrial and interventricular septa. The exterior of the heart features a groove known as the coronary sulcus that demarcates the atria from the ventricles, while the anterior and posterior interventricular sulci distinguish between the two ventricles.
Deoxygenated blood from the body is received in the right...
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Coronary Circulation01:21

Coronary Circulation

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The heart, an organ critical to survival, gets nourishment not from the blood it pumps but from a separate circulation system known as coronary circulation. This is the shortest circulation in the body and is responsible for supplying the heart with the nutrients it needs to function effectively.
Coronary circulation begins at the base of the aorta, where two main arteries arise—the left and right coronary arteries. These arteries encircle the heart in the coronary sulcus and supply the...
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Anatomy of the Heart01:27

Anatomy of the Heart

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The human heart is made up of three layers of tissue that are surrounded by the pericardium, a membrane that protects and confines the heart. The outermost layer, closest to the pericardium, is the epicardium. The pericardial cavity separates the pericardium from the epicardium. Beneath the epicardium is the myocardium, the middle layer, and the endocardium, the innermost layer. There are four chambers of the heart: the right atrium, the right ventricle, the left atrium, and the left ventricle.
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Anatomy of the Heart01:20

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The heart is a hollow, muscular organ approximately the size of a fist, consisting of four chambers. It is enclosed in the pericardium, a fibrous sac with two layers: the visceral and parietal pericardium, separated by a fluid-filled space containing serous fluid to reduce friction.
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Chambers of the Heart
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Overview of Systemic Veins01:11

Overview of Systemic Veins

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Systemic veins are crucial blood vessels that return deoxygenated blood from various body tissues back to the heart. There are three systemic veins that return deoxygenated blood to the heart, they are as follows.
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The Aorta01:14

The Aorta

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The aorta is the largest artery in the human body. It originates from the left ventricle of the heart and extends down to the abdomen, where it splits into two smaller arteries. Structurally, it can be divided into four main parts: the ascending aorta, the aortic arch, the thoracic aorta, and the abdominal aorta.
The average diameter of the aorta is approximately 2-3 cm, but the size can vary depending on the section of the aorta and the individual's age, sex, and body size. The aorta is...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 17, 2026

Murine Echocardiography of Left Atrium, Aorta, and Pulmonary Artery
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[Giant left atrium].

Carlos Alberto Trejo-Nava1

  • 1Departamento de Registros Gráficos, Hospital de Especialidades Dr. Antonio Fraga Mouret, Centro Médico Nacional La Raza, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, México, México D.F., México.

Archivos De Cardiologia De Mexico
|February 22, 2015
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

A rare case of a giant left atrium, a severe heart condition, was identified in a 48-year-old woman. This finding, linked to rheumatic mitral disease, highlights the importance of early diagnosis for cardiac conditions.

Keywords:
Aurícula izquierdaDilatación aneurismáticaEnfermedad mitral reumáticaGiant left atriumLeft atriumRheumatic mitral disease

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Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Cardiovascular Medicine
  • Cardiac Imaging

Background:

  • Rheumatic heart disease remains a significant cause of valvular pathology worldwide.
  • Mitral regurgitation, particularly severe forms, can lead to significant cardiac remodeling.
  • Giant left atrium is an exceedingly rare but critical manifestation of chronic mitral valve disease.

Observation:

  • A 48-year-old female presented with progressive dyspnea, fatigue, and edema, indicative of advanced heart failure.
  • Chest radiography revealed severe cardiomegaly (cardiothoracic index 0.78), termed "cor bovis."
  • Echocardiography demonstrated severe mitral regurgitation and a markedly dilated left atrium, consistent with rheumatic etiology.

Findings:

  • The patient exhibited a "giant" left atrium, characterized by extreme dilation of the left atrial chamber.
  • Measurements of the left atrium's diameters, area, and volume were among the largest reported in medical literature.
  • The findings strongly correlate the giant left atrium with severe mitral regurgitation secondary to rheumatic valve disease.

Implications:

  • This case underscores the potential for extreme cardiac chamber dilation in the context of rheumatic mitral valve disease.
  • Recognition of such rare findings is crucial for accurate diagnosis and management of complex cardiac conditions.
  • The diminishing frequency of rheumatic heart disease may lead to decreased recognition of its most severe sequelae, like giant left atrium.