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Related Concept Videos

Neuroplasticity01:01

Neuroplasticity

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Neuroplasticity reflects the brain's remarkable capacity to adapt and evolve, responding dynamically to learning, experiences, or injury by reorganizing its neural circuitry. This reorganization involves creating new neural connections and refining old ones through a series of biological processes that contribute to the brain's lifelong development and adaptability.
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Neurogenesis and Regeneration of Nervous Tissue01:15

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In the CNS, neurogenesis, the birth of new neurons from stem cells, is limited to the hippocampus in adults. In other regions of the brain and spinal cord, neurogenesis is almost non-existent due to inhibitory influences from neuroglia, especially oligodendrocytes, and the absence of growth-stimulating cues. The myelin produced by oligodendrocytes in the CNS inhibits neuronal regeneration. Furthermore, astrocytes proliferate rapidly after neuronal damage, forming scar tissue that physically...
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Plasticity00:58

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Plasticity is the property where an object loses its elasticity and undergoes irreversible deformation, even after the deformation forces are eliminated. If a material deforms irreversibly without increasing stress or load, then this is called ideal plasticity. For example, when a force is applied to an aluminum rod, it changes its shape, but it does not return to its original shape once the force is removed. Plastic deformation or ductility is thus a permanent deformation or change in the...
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Long-term Potentiation01:25

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Long-term potentiation, or LTP, is one of the ways by which synaptic plasticity—changes in the strength of chemical synapses—can occur in the brain. LTP is the process of synaptic strengthening that occurs over time between pre and postsynaptic neuronal connections. The synaptic strengthening of LTP works in opposition to the synaptic weakening of long-term depression (LTD) and together are the main mechanisms that underlie learning and memory.
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Long-term Potentiation01:35

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Long-term potentiation, or LTP, is one of the ways by which synaptic plasticity—changes in the strength of chemical synapses—can occur in the brain. LTP is the process of synaptic strengthening that occurs over time between pre- and postsynaptic neuronal connections. The synaptic strengthening of LTP works in opposition to the synaptic weakening of long-term depression (LTD) and together are the main mechanisms that underlie learning and memory.
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Neuron Structure01:30

Neuron Structure

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Neurons are the main type of cell in the nervous system that generate and transmit electrochemical signals. They primarily communicate with each other using neurotransmitters at specific junctions called synapses. Neurons come in many shapes that often relate to their function, but most share three main structures: an axon and dendrites that extend out from a cell body.
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Cellular and molecular neuronal plasticity.

Grace S Griesbach1, David A Hovda2

  • 1Department of Neurosurgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA; UCLA Brain Injury Research Center, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Centre for Neuro Skills, Encino, CA, USA.

Handbook of Clinical Neurology
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Neuroplasticity, the brain's ability to adapt after traumatic brain injury (TBI), is crucial for recovery. Understanding how TBI affects neuroplasticity and environmental factors aids rehabilitation strategies.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Traumatic Brain Injury Research
  • Rehabilitation Science

Background:

  • The brain exhibits adaptive capabilities to recover function following tissue damage.
  • Neuroplasticity, defined as alterations in neuronal structure and function, is central to this recovery process.
  • Traumatic brain injury (TBI) presents a significant challenge to brain function and recovery.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore neuroplasticity in the context of TBI.
  • To examine the influence of TBI pathology on neuroplasticity.
  • To investigate the role of behavioral and environmental factors in TBI-associated neuroplasticity.

Main Methods:

  • Review of neuroplasticity mechanisms and their alteration by TBI.
  • Introduction of key proteins involved in neuroplasticity and their modulation by TBI severity and timing.
  • Analysis of how environmental factors and behavioral interventions impact TBI neuroplasticity.

Main Results:

  • TBI pathology affects neuroplasticity through alterations in specific proteins in a time- and severity-dependent manner.
  • Environmental milieu and behavioral manipulations significantly influence TBI-associated neuroplasticity.
  • Specific environmental qualities can either facilitate or impede neuroplasticity.

Conclusions:

  • Neuroplasticity is a key mechanism for recovery after TBI.
  • Understanding the molecular and environmental influences on neuroplasticity is vital for effective TBI rehabilitation.
  • Long-term neuroplastic changes are relevant for optimizing rehabilitation outcomes post-TBI.