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Related Concept Videos

Modified-Release Drug Delivery Systems: Stimuli-Activated01:30

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Stimuli-activated drug delivery systems are designed to release drugs in response to specific physical, chemical, or biological stimuli. These systems often utilize hydrogels—three-dimensional, hydrophilic polymer networks capable of swelling in aqueous environments and retaining significant fluid volumes. Upon exposure to particular stimuli, these hydrogels undergo structural transitions that allow the embedded drug to be released. Due to this adaptive behavior, such systems are also...
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Modified-Release Drug Delivery Systems: Classification01:23

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Modified-release drug delivery systems improve drug efficacy and minimize side effects by controlling the rate and location of drug release. These systems fall into three categories: rate-programmed, stimuli-activated, and site-targeted.Rate-programmed systems release drugs at a predetermined rate, maintaining consistent therapeutic levels and reducing fluctuations that could lead to toxicity or subtherapeutic effects. These systems use polymeric matrices, reservoir-based designs, or osmotic...
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Conventional oral drug products, termed immediate-release (IR) formulations, are engineered to promptly release their active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) upon ingestion, typically in tablets or capsules. This rapid release often results in swift drug absorption and consequent pharmacodynamic effects, although the timing and intensity can vary depending on the drug's properties. Prodrugs within these formulations require metabolic conversion to activate their pharmacodynamic effects,...
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Site-targeted drug delivery systems enhance therapeutic efficacy while minimizing systemic toxicity and treatment costs. Unlike conventional methods, these systems ensure precise drug delivery, improving bioavailability and reducing side effects. Targeted drug delivery is classified into three levels. First-order targeting directs drugs to the capillary beds of specific organs or tissues. Second-order targets specific cell types, such as tumor cells, using receptor-mediated interactions.
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Site-Targeted Drug Delivery Systems: Polymeric Carriers01:24

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Polymeric carriers enhance targeted drug delivery by increasing efficacy while minimizing off-target effects. These carriers comprise a biodegradable polymeric backbone integrated with functional elements that enable targeting, improve physicochemical properties, and regulate drug release.Targeting MechanismsThe targeting ability of polymeric carriers is mediated by a homing device, which is a molecular recognition component designed to selectively bind to specific tissues or cells. Monoclonal...
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Rate-programmed drug delivery systems release drugs in a controlled manner to maintain therapeutic levels. Three main designs include reservoir, matrix, and hybrid systems.Reservoir systems consist of a drug core enclosed within a membrane that controls drug release. In non-swelling reservoir systems, polymers like ethyl cellulose or polymethacrylates are used. These do not hydrate in aqueous media and control release through membrane thickness, porosity, or insolubility. This type includes...
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MEMS: Enabled Drug Delivery Systems.

Angelica Cobo1, Roya Sheybani1, Ellis Meng1,2

  • 1Department of Biomedical Engineering, Viterbi School of Engineering, University of Southern California, 1042 Downey Way DRB-140, Los Angeles, CA, 90089-1111, USA.

Advanced Healthcare Materials
|February 24, 2015
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) enable advanced drug delivery devices for better medical treatment. This review covers MEMS drug delivery mechanisms, applications, and future potential.

Keywords:
drug deliverymicroelectromechanical systemsmicropumps

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Area of Science:

  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Materials Science
  • Nanotechnology

Background:

  • Drug delivery systems are vital for managing medical conditions.
  • Microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) have enabled miniaturized devices for healthcare.
  • There is a growing need for precise and controlled drug administration.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the application of MEMS technologies in developing drug delivery devices.
  • To detail the various drug delivery mechanisms and device formats utilized.
  • To explore the biomedical applications and future prospects of MEMS-based drug delivery.

Main Methods:

  • Comprehensive literature review of MEMS-based drug delivery systems.
  • Analysis of different delivery mechanisms (e.g., diffusion, pumping, electro-osmosis).
  • Categorization of device formats (e.g., implants, patches, microneedles).

Main Results:

  • MEMS technology facilitates the creation of miniaturized, high-precision drug delivery devices.
  • Various MEMS-based delivery mechanisms offer tailored release profiles for different drugs.
  • Numerous biomedical applications, including chronic disease management and targeted therapy, are enabled by these devices.

Conclusions:

  • MEMS technology offers significant advancements in drug delivery, enhancing treatment efficacy and patient compliance.
  • Integration of dosing control systems and commercial availability highlight the maturity of microtechnology-enabled drug delivery.
  • Addressing challenges in manufacturing, biocompatibility, and long-term stability is crucial for future development.