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Updated: Apr 17, 2026

Quantifying Learning in Young Infants: Tracking Leg Actions During a Discovery-learning Task
Published on: June 1, 2015
The developing cognitive substrate of sequential action control in 9- to 12-month-olds: evidence for concurrent
S A Verschoor1, M Paulus2, M Spapé3
1Developmental Psychology Unit, LMU München, Germany; Leiden University Institute for Psychological Research & Leiden Institute for Brain and Cognition, Netherlands.
Abstract:
Nine-month-olds start to perform sequential actions. Yet, it remains largely unknown how they acquire and control such actions. We studied infants' sequential-action control by employing a novel gaze-contingent eye tracking paradigm. Infants experienced occulo-motor action sequences comprising two elementary actions. To contrast chaining, concurrent and integrated models of sequential-action control, we then selectively activated secondary actions to assess interactions with the primary actions. Behavioral and pupillometric results suggest 12-month-olds acquire sequential action without elaborate strategy through exploration. Furthermore, the inhibitory mechanisms ensuring ordered performance develop between 9 and 12 months of age, and are best captured by concurrent models.
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