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Surfactants, named for their behavior at interfaces, positively adsorb at the interfaces of two phases, reducing interfacial tension. Their versatility as emulsifiers, detergents, and foaming agents stems from this ability. Surfactants, often termed amphiphiles, share the property of amphipathy, with molecules having both hydrophilic and hydrophobic portions. The hydrophilic part is called the head, and the hydrophobic part, including an elongated alkyl substituent, forms the tail.Surfactants...
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Children at play often make suspensions such as mixtures of mud and water, flour and water, or a suspension of solid pigments in water known as tempera paint. These suspensions are heterogeneous mixtures composed of relatively large particles that are visible to the naked eye or can be seen with a magnifying glass. They are cloudy, and the suspended particles settle out after mixing. On the other hand, a solution is a homogeneous mixture in which no settling occurs and in which the dissolved...
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Adsorption is a process where molecules, known as the adsorbates, accumulate on a surface, which is referred to as the adsorbent or substrate. Occurring at the solid-gas interface, this phenomenon is crucial in various scientific and industrial contexts. The reverse of adsorption is desorption.Two types of adsorptions exist: physical (physisorption) and chemical (chemisorption). Physisorption involves gas molecules held to the solid's surface by relatively weak intermolecular van der Waals...
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The high insolubility of some precipitates can result in an unfavorable relative supersaturation. This can lead to colloidal particles with a large surface-to-mass ratio, where adsorption is promoted. For instance, in the precipitation of silver chloride, silver ions are adsorbed on the surface of the colloidal particles, forming a primary layer. This layer attracts ions of opposite charge (such as nitrate ions), forming a diffuse secondary layer of adsorbed ions. This electric double layer...
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The formation of a colloidal system is exemplified by an aqueous solution containing Cl− ions is introduced to another containing Ag+ ions, resulting in the precipitation of solid AgCl as extremely tiny crystals. Instead of settling out as a filterable precipitate, these crystals remain suspended in the liquid, showcasing a colloidal system.A colloidal system involves colloidal particles within the approximate range of 1 to 1000 nm in at least one dimension, dispersed in a medium called...
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Adsorption isotherms are mathematical models that describe how molecules in a gas or liquid phase interact with surfaces. Two of the most common isotherm models are the Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms, which relate to Type I monolayer chemisorption. The Langmuir model is based on four key assumptions:• Adsorption cannot exceed monolayer coverage.• All surface sites are equivalent.• Molecules adsorb only at vacant sites.• There are no interactions between adsorbed...
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Extraction and Characterization of Surfactants from Atmospheric Aerosols
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Surfactants with colloids: adsorption or absorption?

Gregory N Smith1, Isabelle Grillo2, Sarah E Rogers3

  • 1School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock's Close, Bristol BS8 1TS, United Kingdom.

Journal of Colloid and Interface Science
|February 24, 2015
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Aerosol OT surfactant adsorption differs between colloidal systems. It adsorbs onto microemulsions and silica but surprisingly absorbs into PMMA latexes, revealing system-specific interactions.

Keywords:
ColloidsNonpolar solventsSmall-angle neutron scattering

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Area of Science:

  • Colloid and Surface Science
  • Materials Chemistry
  • Neutron Scattering

Background:

  • Understanding surfactant interactions with colloidal systems is crucial for designing advanced materials.
  • Aerosol OT (AOT) is a common surfactant used in various nonaqueous formulations.
  • The distribution of AOT (adsorption vs. absorption) within colloidal systems is not fully understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the interaction and distribution of Aerosol OT (AOT) surfactant within different model colloidal systems.
  • To determine whether AOT adsorbs onto particle surfaces or is absorbed into particle cores.
  • To explore system-specific behaviors of AOT in nonaqueous solvents.

Main Methods:

  • Studied colloid stability in various alkanes to assess surface interactions.
  • Employed contrast-variation small-angle neutron scattering (SANS) to analyze AOT distribution.
  • Utilized normalization techniques for system-independent comparison of scattering data.

Main Results:

  • Aerosol OT (AOT) was found to adsorb onto water-in-oil microemulsions and silica organosols.
  • Surprisingly, AOT was observed to be absorbed into the core of sterically-stabilized PMMA latexes.
  • Demonstrated distinct AOT distribution behaviors based on the colloidal system's nature.

Conclusions:

  • The interaction of Aerosol OT (AOT) with colloidal systems is highly system-specific.
  • AOT adsorption is favored in microemulsions and silica organosols.
  • AOT absorption into particle cores occurs in PMMA latexes, challenging initial expectations.