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Related Concept Videos

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Auditory pathways constitute the complex neural circuits responsible for transmitting and interpreting auditory information from the peripheral auditory system to the brain. Sound waves are initially captured by the outer ear, funneled through the ear canal, and reach the tympanic membrane (eardrum). These vibrations are transmitted via the middle ear's ossicles to the inner ear's cochlea.
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The auditory system is essential for sound perception, utilizing various critical structures. When sound waves enter the outer ear, they travel through the ear canal and cause the eardrum to vibrate. These vibrations are then transmitted to the middle ear, where three tiny bones – the malleus, incus, and stapes – amplify the sound. This amplification is crucial, as it ensures that the sound vibrations are strong enough to be conveyed to the inner ear. These vibrations then reach the...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 17, 2026

Mapping Cortical Dynamics Using Simultaneous MEG/EEG and Anatomically-constrained Minimum-norm Estimates: an Auditory Attention Example
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Visual-induced expectations modulate auditory cortical responses.

Virginie van Wassenhove1, Lukasz Grzeczkowski2

  • 1CEA, DSV/I2BM, NeuroSpin; INSERM, Cognitive Neuroimaging Unit, U992; Université Paris-Sud Gif-sur-Yvette, France.

Frontiers in Neuroscience
|February 24, 2015
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Visual timing predicts sound occurrence by altering auditory cortex excitability, but eye position does not influence auditory responses without active sensing. This research explores multisensory integration and predictive coding in the brain.

Keywords:
MEGalphaeye positiongammamultisensoryneuronal oscillationsphase-resettingpredictive coding

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Cognitive Science
  • Auditory Perception

Background:

  • Active sensing significantly impacts multisensory processing.
  • The brain utilizes predictions to integrate sensory information efficiently.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate if eye position and visual timing predict auditory events, affecting auditory cortex excitability.
  • To determine if these visual cues predict the 'where' and 'when' of sounds in the absence of saccades.

Main Methods:

  • Magnetoencephalography (MEG) recorded human participants' brain activity.
  • Participants maintained eye position (left, right, center) while observing visual stimuli and ignoring auditory stimuli.
  • Auditory stimuli were presented to one or both ears.

Main Results:

  • Alpha power increased in auditory cortices, indicating attention to visual input.
  • Visual color changes modulated auditory cortex responses, predicting sound timing ('when') via ramping activity and specific oscillatory responses.
  • Eye position did not specifically modulate auditory evoked or oscillatory activity.

Conclusions:

  • Visual transience automatically predicts sound occurrence ('when') by modulating auditory cortex excitability, independent of attention, eye position, or spatial congruency.
  • Auditory cortical responses are not affected by eye position, suggesting 'where' predictions may require active sensing or saccades.