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Related Concept Videos

Rheumatic Heart Disease I: Introduction01:23

Rheumatic Heart Disease I: Introduction

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Rheumatic heart disease or RHD is a chronic condition that results from rheumatic fever, causing permanent damage to the heart valves.Etiology and Risk FactorsIt primarily arises from rheumatic fever, an inflammatory disease that can develop after untreated or inadequately treated group A streptococcal (GAS) pharyngitis. Streptococcus spreads through direct contact with oral or respiratory secretions. While the bacteria are the causative agents, factors like malnutrition, overcrowding, poor...
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Cardiomyopathy IV: Restrictive Cardiomyopathy01:29

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Restrictive cardiomyopathy (RCM) is a rare heart muscle disease characterized by impaired ventricular filling due to stiffened ventricular walls, leading to significant diastolic dysfunction.EtiologyRestrictive cardiomyopathy can arise from both inherited and acquired diseases, many of which are systemic. It is categorized into four main types: infiltrative, storage, non-infiltrative, and endomyocardial diseases.Infiltrative diseases, such as amyloidosis, lead to RCM by depositing amyloid...
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Cardiomyopathy II: Dilated Cardiomyopathy01:30

Cardiomyopathy II: Dilated Cardiomyopathy

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Dilated cardiomyopathy, or DCM, is a progressive myocardial disorder characterized by ventricular chamber dilation and contractile dysfunction.EtiologyVarious factors can cause DCM, including hypertension and heavy alcohol intake, which contribute to the weakening and enlargement of the heart muscle. Viral infections, such as Coxsackievirus B, adenoviruses, and influenza, can lead to DCM by causing inflammation and damage to heart tissue. Certain chemotherapeutic agents, including daunorubicin,...
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The key clinical manifestations of Rheumatic heart disease (RHD) include several distinct cardiac symptoms.Carditis, a hallmark of acute rheumatic fever, involves inflammation of the heart's endocardium, myocardium, and pericardium. Chronic RHD often results from recurrent episodes of carditis. Its symptoms include the following:Murmurs are caused by valvular damage, especially to the mitral and aortic valves. Mitral stenosis or regurgitation is common, with characteristic heart murmurs...
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Cardiomyopathy III: Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy01:29

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Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, or HCM, is an autosomal dominant genetic disorder characterized by asymmetric left ventricular hypertrophy without ventricular dilation. It is more common in men and is typically diagnosed in young, athletic adults.EtiologyHCM is primarily genetic and is caused by mutations in genes encoding sarcomeric proteins. Researchers have identified over 1400 mutations across at least 11 different genes. Among these, the most frequently occurring mutations are found in the...
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Cardiomyopathy I: Introduction and Classification01:25

Cardiomyopathy I: Introduction and Classification

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Cardiomyopathy, or CMP, is a group of diseases affecting the myocardial structure, impairing its ability to pump blood effectively. This condition can lead to arrhythmias, heart failure, or sudden cardiac death.Cardiomyopathies are classified into primary and secondary categories:Primary Cardiomyopathy refers to conditions involving only the heart muscle that are often idiopathic (of unknown cause) or genetic. They primarily affect the myocardium without the involvement of other systemic...
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Cardiovascular disease in systemic sclerosis.

Francesca Cannarile1, Valentina Valentini1, Giulia Mirabelli1

  • 1Department of Medicine, Rheumatology Unit, University of Perugia, Via dal Pozzo 06132, Perugia, Italy.

Annals of Translational Medicine
|February 24, 2015
PubMed
Summary

Systemic sclerosis (SSc) patients show increased macrovascular disease and premature atherosclerosis, linked to inflammation and endothelial damage. This review examines the causes and clinical impact of these cardiovascular complications in SSc.

Keywords:
Atherosclerosis (ATS)cardiovascular (CV) diseasesystemic sclerosis (SSc)

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Area of Science:

  • Rheumatology
  • Cardiology
  • Immunology

Background:

  • Cardiovascular system involvement is common in autoimmune diseases like systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and rheumatoid arthritis (RA).
  • While microvascular disease is characteristic of systemic sclerosis (SSc), recent studies indicate a higher prevalence of macrovascular disease in SSc patients compared to controls.
  • This macrovascular disease in SSc is associated with a poorer prognosis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To analyze the causes of macrovascular involvement and premature atherosclerosis (ATS) in systemic sclerosis (SSc).
  • To describe the clinical manifestations of macrovascular disease and ATS in SSc patients.
  • To review the current understanding of mechanisms underlying ATS in SSc.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies investigating cardiovascular complications in systemic sclerosis (SSc).
  • Analysis of research on the prevalence and mechanisms of macrovascular disease and atherosclerosis in SSc.
  • Synthesis of data on endothelial dysfunction, inflammation, and vascular repair in SSc-related ATS.

Main Results:

  • Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is associated with a higher prevalence of macrovascular disease and premature atherosclerosis (ATS) compared to the general population.
  • Mechanisms contributing to ATS in SSc include multi-system organ inflammation, endothelial damage, vasculopathy, and impaired vascular repair.
  • Endothelial cell injury, ischemia/reperfusion, immune-mediated cytotoxicity, and defective vasculogenesis play key roles in vascular injury in SSc.

Conclusions:

  • Macrovascular disease and premature atherosclerosis are significant concerns in systemic sclerosis (SSc) patients.
  • Understanding the complex interplay of inflammation, endothelial dysfunction, and immune mechanisms is crucial for managing cardiovascular risk in SSc.
  • Further research is needed to elucidate the precise pathways and develop targeted therapies for ATS in SSc.