Treatment of a recurrent ameloblastic fibroma

Ameloblastic fibroma (AF), a slow-growing, benign tumor of odontogenic origin, represents 2% of all odontogenic tumors. Jaw expansion is among the most common symptoms, with diagnosis often made through routine radiographs. AFs have a recurrence rate of 18% to 43.5% after conservative enucleation. Long-term follow-up by both the surgeon and referring dentist is recommended, since recurrence may be due to regrowth of residual tumor undergoing malignant transformation. Aggressive management is recommended for local tumor recurrence. En bloc excision with bone grafting, followed by implant reconstruction, can be curative and preservative of function. Treatment of a recurrent AF is described.