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Related Concept Videos

Diazonium Group Substitution: –OH and –H01:19

Diazonium Group Substitution: –OH and –H

3.5K
Nitrous acid, a weak acid, is prepared in situ via the reaction of sodium nitrite with a strong acid under cold conditions. This nitrous acid prepared in situ reacts with primary arylamines to form arenediazonium salts. Such reactions are known as diazotization reactions. As shown in Figure 1, the formation of arenediazonium salts begins with the decomposition of nitrous acid in an acidic solution to give nitrosonium ions.
3.5K
1° Amines to Diazonium or Aryldiazonium Salts: Diazotization with NaNO2 Mechanism01:37

1° Amines to Diazonium or Aryldiazonium Salts: Diazotization with NaNO2 Mechanism

5.4K
Nitrous acid is a relatively weak and unstable acid prepared in situ by the reaction of sodium nitrite and cold, dilute hydrochloric acid. In an acidic solution, the nitrous acid undergoes protonation when it loses water to form a nitrosonium ion—an electrophile. Nitrous acid reacts with primary amines to give diazonium salts. The reaction is called diazotization of primary amines.
5.4K
1° Amines to Diazonium or Aryldiazonium Salts: Diazotization with NaNO2 Overview01:26

1° Amines to Diazonium or Aryldiazonium Salts: Diazotization with NaNO2 Overview

4.1K
Nitrous acid and nitric acids are two types of acids containing nitrogen, among which nitrous acid is weaker than nitric acid. Nitrous acid with a pKa value of 3.37 ionizes in water to give a nitrite ion and the hydronium ion.
The nitrous acid is unstable. Hence, it is formed in situ from a solution of sodium nitrite and cold aqueous acids such as hydrochloric or sulfuric acid. In an acidic solution, the –OH group of nitrous acid undergoes protonation to give oxonium ion, followed by...
4.1K
Nitriles to Amines: LiAlH4 Reduction00:55

Nitriles to Amines: LiAlH4 Reduction

5.2K
Nitriles are reduced to amines in the presence of strong reducing agents like lithium aluminum hydride through a typical nucleophilic acyl substitution. The reaction requires two equivalents of the reducing agent. The reducing agent acts as a source of hydride ions.
As shown below, the mechanism involves three steps. Firstly, the hydride ion acting as a nucleophile attacks the nitrile carbon to form an anion. In the second step, a second equivalent of the hydride ion attacks the anion to...
5.2K
Complexation Equilibria: Factors Influencing Stability of Complexes01:09

Complexation Equilibria: Factors Influencing Stability of Complexes

994
In complexation reactions, metal cations are the electron pair acceptors, and the ligands are the electron pair donors. The stability of the metal complexes depends primarily on the complexing ability of the central metal ion and the nature of the ligands. Generally, the complexing ability of the metal ion depends on the size and charge of the ion. As the metal ion size increases, the stability of the metal complexes decreases, provided that the valency of the metal ion and the ligands remain...
994
Acidity of 1-Alkynes02:42

Acidity of 1-Alkynes

11.7K

The acidic strength of hydrocarbons follows the order: Alkynes > Alkenes > Alkanes. The strength of an acid is commonly expressed in units of pKa — the lower the pKa, the stronger the acid. Among the hydrocarbons, terminal alkynes have lower pKa values and are, therefore, more acidic. For example, the pKa values for ethane, ethene, and acetylene are 51, 44, and 25, respectively, as shown here.
11.7K

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Related Experiment Videos

A pyrazolate-stabilized sodium hydride complex.

Andreas Stasch1

  • 1School of Chemistry, Monash University, P.O. Box 23, Melbourne, VIC 3800, Australia. Andreas.Stasch@monash.edu.

Chemical Communications (Cambridge, England)
|February 25, 2015
PubMed
Summary

Researchers synthesized the first well-defined molecular sodium hydride complex, [(pz)6Na7H], using a sterically demanding sodium pyrazolate. This discovery advances the understanding of sodium hydride chemistry.

Area of Science:

  • Organometallic Chemistry
  • Inorganic Chemistry

Background:

  • Sodium hydride is a crucial reagent in organic synthesis.
  • Well-defined molecular sodium hydride complexes are rare and challenging to synthesize.
  • Sterically hindered ligands are often employed to stabilize reactive metal complexes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To synthesize and structurally characterize a novel molecular sodium hydride complex.
  • To explore the reactivity of sterically demanding sodium pyrazolate complexes.

Main Methods:

  • Reaction of a sterically demanding sodium pyrazolate complex with n-butylsodium and diphenylsilane.
  • Single-crystal X-ray diffraction for structural characterization.

Main Results:

  • The first well-defined molecular sodium hydride complex, [(pz)6Na7H] (pz = 3,5-di-tert-butylpyrazolate), was successfully synthesized.

Related Experiment Videos

  • The structure of the complex was unequivocally determined through X-ray crystallography.
  • The reaction demonstrated the utility of sterically demanding pyrazolate ligands in stabilizing unusual sodium species.

    • Conclusions:

    • This work provides a new, structurally characterized molecular sodium hydride complex.
    • The findings expand the scope of known sodium hydride compounds.
    • The study highlights the importance of ligand design in inorganic synthesis.