Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Longitudinal Studies01:26

Longitudinal Studies

697
Longitudinal studies are also widely used in other medical and social science fields. For instance, in cardiovascular research, they can monitor patients' health over decades to identify risk factors for heart disease, such as high cholesterol or smoking, and evaluate the long-term effectiveness of preventive measures. Similarly, in mental health studies, researchers might follow individuals from adolescence into adulthood to understand the development and progression of conditions like...
697
Observational Studies01:11

Observational Studies

11.6K
Observational studies are a type of analytical study where researchers observe events without any interventions. In other words, the researcher does not influence the response variable or the experiment's outcome.
There are three types of observational studies – Prospective, retrospective, and cross-sectional.
Prospective Study
Prospective studies, also known as longitudinal or cohort studies, are carried out by collecting future data from groups sharing similar characteristics. One...
11.6K
Longitudinal Research02:20

Longitudinal Research

13.7K
Sometimes we want to see how people change over time, as in studies of human development and lifespan. When we test the same group of individuals repeatedly over an extended period of time, we are conducting longitudinal research. Longitudinal research is a research design in which data-gathering is administered repeatedly over an extended period of time. For example, we may survey a group of individuals about their dietary habits at age 20, retest them a decade later at age 30, and then again...
13.7K
Bias in Epidemiological Studies01:29

Bias in Epidemiological Studies

1.7K
Biases can arise at various stages of research, from study design and data collection to analysis and interpretation. Recognizing and addressing these biases is essential to ensure the validity and reliability of epidemiological findings.Broadly speaking, biases in epidemiology fall into three main categories: selection bias, information bias, and confounding. A more detailed description of possible biases is:  
1.7K
Confounding in Epidemiological Studies01:27

Confounding in Epidemiological Studies

1.1K
Confounding in statistical epidemiology represents a pivotal challenge, referring to the distortion in the perceived relationship between an exposure and an outcome due to the presence of a third variable, known as a confounder. This variable is associated with both the exposure and the outcome but is not a direct link in their causal chain. Its presence can lead to erroneous interpretations of the exposure's effect, either exaggerating or underestimating the true association. This...
1.1K
Study Designs in Epidemiology01:20

Study Designs in Epidemiology

1.6K
Epidemiological study designs are fundamental tools for investigating the distribution, determinants, and control of health conditions in populations. They help researchers understand the relationships between exposures and outcomes, and they broadly fall into two categories: "observational" and "experimental" studies.
Observational studies are those where the researcher does not intervene but rather observes natural variations. They include cross-sectional, cohort, and...
1.6K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Long-term immune recovery under continuous antiretroviral therapy (ART) among ART-naive people living with HIV in two cohorts in Germany.

Infection·2026
Same author

"Condoms don't cross your mind when you're hungry": Challenges to safe sex in Libyan IDP camps; A qualitative study.

Public health in practice (Oxford, England)·2026
Same author

Climate change and dengue Fever: A 14-year study of mortality trends during 2010-2023 in Indonesia.

Travel medicine and infectious disease·2025
Same author

Use of dual antiretroviral therapy in individuals with different serological patterns for hepatitis B: What are the risks? What are the clinical implications?

HIV medicine·2025
Same author

Community-based mpox and sexually transmitted disease surveillance using discarded condoms in the global south.

The Lancet. Infectious diseases·2024
Same author

Incidence and risk factors for HIV-tuberculosis coinfection in the Cologne-Bonn region: a retrospective cohort study.

Infection·2024

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 17, 2026

Visualizing Field Data Collection Procedures of Exposure and Biomarker Assessments for the Household Air Pollution Intervention Network Trial in India
09:33

Visualizing Field Data Collection Procedures of Exposure and Biomarker Assessments for the Household Air Pollution Intervention Network Trial in India

Published on: December 23, 2022

3.1K

The Cologne-Bonn cohort: lessons learned.

Jürgen Kurt Rockstroh1

  • 1Department of Medicine I, University Hospital Bonn, Sigmund-Freud-Str. 25, 53105, Bonn, Germany, juergen.rockstroh@ukb.uni-bonn.de.

Infection
|February 25, 2015
PubMed
Summary

The Cologne-Bonn cohort study advanced HIV treatment by identifying factors influencing disease progression and treatment failure. Its findings improved patient care and therapy strategies for HIV infection.

Area of Science:

  • Infectious Diseases
  • Clinical Medicine
  • Epidemiology

Background:

  • Cohort studies are crucial for understanding HIV natural history, progression markers (CD4 count, viral load), co-factors (age, CMV, HCV), and antiretroviral therapy impacts.
  • The Cologne-Bonn cohort, established in 1996, has significantly contributed to HIV care and treatment strategies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review major findings from the Cologne-Bonn cohort since 1996.
  • To highlight contributions to HIV treatment strategies and patient care.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of data from the Cologne-Bonn HIV-infected patient cohort.
  • Longitudinal observation of disease progression and treatment outcomes.

Main Results:

More Related Videos

Improving Student Outcomes with an Adaptable Molecular Cloning Course-Based Undergraduate Research Experience
10:17

Improving Student Outcomes with an Adaptable Molecular Cloning Course-Based Undergraduate Research Experience

Published on: November 15, 2024

1.9K
E-Patient Counseling Trial E-PACO: Computer Based Education versus Nurse Counseling for Patients to Prepare for Colonoscopy
06:28

E-Patient Counseling Trial E-PACO: Computer Based Education versus Nurse Counseling for Patients to Prepare for Colonoscopy

Published on: August 1, 2019

9.4K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Apr 17, 2026

Visualizing Field Data Collection Procedures of Exposure and Biomarker Assessments for the Household Air Pollution Intervention Network Trial in India
09:33

Visualizing Field Data Collection Procedures of Exposure and Biomarker Assessments for the Household Air Pollution Intervention Network Trial in India

Published on: December 23, 2022

3.1K
Improving Student Outcomes with an Adaptable Molecular Cloning Course-Based Undergraduate Research Experience
10:17

Improving Student Outcomes with an Adaptable Molecular Cloning Course-Based Undergraduate Research Experience

Published on: November 15, 2024

1.9K
E-Patient Counseling Trial E-PACO: Computer Based Education versus Nurse Counseling for Patients to Prepare for Colonoscopy
06:28

E-Patient Counseling Trial E-PACO: Computer Based Education versus Nurse Counseling for Patients to Prepare for Colonoscopy

Published on: August 1, 2019

9.4K
  • Initial findings revealed high rates of virological treatment failure with protease inhibitors.
  • Subsequent analyses identified risk factors for virological failure, guiding the development of more potent combination therapies.

    • Conclusions:

    • The Cologne-Bonn cohort has provided critical insights into HIV infection and treatment.
    • Its research has directly influenced the improvement of HIV management and patient outcomes.