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Clinical Profile of Children with Malformations of Cortical Development
Atul Gupta1, Jitendra Kumar Sahu, Anju Gupta
1Department of Pediatrics, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, 160012, India.
Insights
Malformations of cortical development are common in children with developmental delays. Magnetic resonance imaging is recommended for early diagnosis in children experiencing seizures and developmental delays.
Area of Science:
- Pediatric Neurology
- Neurodevelopmental Disorders
- Medical Imaging
Background:
- Malformations of cortical development (MCD) represent a group of congenital brain abnormalities.
- Understanding the clinical-radiological spectrum of MCD is crucial for diagnosis and management.
- These malformations can significantly impact a child's neurodevelopmental trajectory.
Purpose of the Study:
- To describe the clinical and radiological characteristics of children diagnosed with malformations of cortical development.
- To identify the prevalence of different types of MCD in a pediatric population.
- To assess the neurodevelopmental outcomes in children with MCD.
Main Methods:
- An observational study was conducted at a tertiary care pediatric hospital in North India.
- Clinical and radiological data of 64 children with MCD were retrospectively reviewed.
- Neurodevelopmental functioning was assessed using the Developmental Profile-3 (DP-3) across five domains.
Main Results:
- Lissencephaly, agyria-pachygyria, and schizencephaly were the most frequent MCD types.
- Focal cortical dysplasia and hemimegalencephaly were also observed.
- Ninety percent of children with MCD exhibited developmental delay as per DP-3 assessment.
Conclusions:
- This study highlights the common patterns of MCD in a tertiary care setting.
- It underscores the importance of neuroimaging in evaluating children with developmental delay and seizures.
- Early identification and characterization of MCD are vital for appropriate intervention.
Objective:
To elucidate the clinical-radiological profile of children with malformations of cortical development.
Methods:
This observational study was conducted at a tertiary care child hospital of north India. Clinical-radiological data records were reviewed and assessment of children's functioning in five key areas of physical, adaptive behavior, social emotional, cognitive and communication was performed using Developmental Profile-3.
Results:
Sixty-four cases of "Malformations of cortical development" were studied. The commonest malformations were lissencephaly (14/64), agyria-pachygyria (14/64) and schizencephaly (14/64). Focal cortical dysplasia (n = 12), hemimegalencephaly (n = 4), polymicrogyria (n = 3) and heterotopias (n = 3) were the other malformations seen. On Developmental Profile-3, 90 % children had developmental delay.
Conclusions:
The present study provides important data on the pattern of malformations of cortical development seen in a tertiary care hospital. It emphasizes that all children with developmental delay and seizures should be evaluated with magnetic resonance imaging.
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