Preterm birth: Transition to adulthood

Area of Science:

• Neuroscience
• Developmental Pediatrics
• Public Health

Background:

• Preterm birth is a major global health concern.
• Individuals born preterm experience increased neurodevelopmental challenges compared to full-term peers.
• These challenges persist into adolescence and adulthood, impacting major life transitions.

Purpose of the Study:

• To summarize the long-term neurodevelopmental, cognitive, and psychosocial outcomes for individuals born preterm.
• To highlight the difficulties faced during the transition to adulthood.
• To underscore the need for continued research and support.

Main Methods:

• Review of neuroimaging studies in adolescents and adults born preterm.
• Analysis of neurodevelopmental, cognitive, and psychosocial outcomes.
• Comparison of outcomes between preterm and full-term born individuals.

Main Results:

• Preterm survivors exhibit higher rates of cerebral palsy, intellectual disability, cognitive and learning disabilities, executive dysfunction, attention deficit disorder, and social-emotional difficulties.
• Neuroimaging reveals increased brain injury, structural differences, and altered brain circuits in preterm individuals.
• Fewer preterm individuals complete high school, pursue higher education, maintain employment, or live independently.

Conclusions:

• Despite challenges, most adults born preterm function well, build relationships, and report satisfactory quality of life.
• The increased needs of extremely preterm survivors necessitate research into prevention and support strategies.
• Further research is crucial for understanding and promoting neuromaturation and recovery from brain injury in preterm infants.