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Preterm birth: Transition to adulthood.

Marilee C Allen1, Elizabeth Cristofalo, Christina Kim

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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Individuals born preterm face significant challenges transitioning to adulthood, including higher rates of neurodevelopmental disabilities and difficulties with education and employment. However, most achieve good quality of life outcomes despite these hurdles.

Keywords:
adolescentsbirthweightbrain injurydevelopmental outcomegestational ageprematuritypreterm birthwhite matter injuryyoung adults

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Developmental Pediatrics
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Preterm birth is a major global health concern.
  • Individuals born preterm experience increased neurodevelopmental challenges compared to full-term peers.
  • These challenges persist into adolescence and adulthood, impacting major life transitions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To summarize the long-term neurodevelopmental, cognitive, and psychosocial outcomes for individuals born preterm.
  • To highlight the difficulties faced during the transition to adulthood.
  • To underscore the need for continued research and support.

Main Methods:

  • Review of neuroimaging studies in adolescents and adults born preterm.
  • Analysis of neurodevelopmental, cognitive, and psychosocial outcomes.
  • Comparison of outcomes between preterm and full-term born individuals.

Main Results:

  • Preterm survivors exhibit higher rates of cerebral palsy, intellectual disability, cognitive and learning disabilities, executive dysfunction, attention deficit disorder, and social-emotional difficulties.
  • Neuroimaging reveals increased brain injury, structural differences, and altered brain circuits in preterm individuals.
  • Fewer preterm individuals complete high school, pursue higher education, maintain employment, or live independently.

Conclusions:

  • Despite challenges, most adults born preterm function well, build relationships, and report satisfactory quality of life.
  • The increased needs of extremely preterm survivors necessitate research into prevention and support strategies.
  • Further research is crucial for understanding and promoting neuromaturation and recovery from brain injury in preterm infants.