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Related Concept Videos

IR Frequency Region: Fingerprint Region01:03

IR Frequency Region: Fingerprint Region

2.4K
IR spectra are divided into two main regions: the diagnostic region and the fingerprint region. The diagnostic region of the spectrum lies above 1500 cm−1. The absorptions resulting from single-bond vibrations of the N–H, C–H, and O–H stretch at higher wavenumbers and appear on the left side of the spectrum. The stretching absorptions of the C≡C and C≡N occur between 2100–2300 cm−1. In contrast, those arising from stretching absorptions of the...
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IR Frequency Region: X–H Stretching01:24

IR Frequency Region: X–H Stretching

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In IR spectroscopy, signals produced by the X−H bonds (such as C−H, O−H, or N−H) can be observed in the frequency range of  2700–4000 cm–1. The C−H stretching vibration forms sharp bands in the region 2850–3000 cm–1. The presence of the O−H stretching vibration leads to the forming of an absorption band in the frequency range 3650–3200 cm−1. At the same time, N−H stretching can be confirmed by absorption bands in...
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IR Absorption Frequency: Hybridization01:21

IR Absorption Frequency: Hybridization

1.7K
Hydrocarbons such as alkanes, alkenes, and alkynes show characteristic C–H stretching absorption bands. These IR stretching frequencies depend on the hybridization of the involved carbon atom and can be explained in terms of the s character of each hybridized atomic orbital.
Among the sp, sp2, and sp3 hybridized orbitals, sp orbitals have the maximum s character (50%). Consequently, the electrons are held more closely to the nucleus, resulting in stronger and shorter C–H bonds that...
1.7K
Infrared (IR) Spectroscopy: Overview01:09

Infrared (IR) Spectroscopy: Overview

7.6K
When electromagnetic radiation passes through a material, atoms or molecules transition from a lower to a higher energy state by absorbing radiation corresponding to the energy difference between the two states. The absorption of infrared (IR) radiation causes transitions between vibrational energy levels in a molecule. Therefore, IR spectroscopy is a useful analytical tool for determining the molecular structure of molecules.
Different compounds display unique properties due to their...
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IR Spectrometers01:25

IR Spectrometers

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There are two main infrared (IR) spectrophotometers: dispersive IR spectrometers and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrometers. In a dispersive IR spectrometer, a beam of infrared radiation produced by a hot wire is divided into two parallel equal-intensity beams using mirrors. One beam passes through the sample, while another is a reference beam. The beams then move through the monochromator, which separates the radiations into a continuous spectrum of different frequencies. The...
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IR Spectrum01:19

IR Spectrum

3.5K
When infrared (IR) radiation passes through a molecule, the bonds stretch or bend by absorbing the radiation. This absorption creates the molecule's absorption spectrum, which is the plot of its percentage transmittance versus wavenumber.
Transmittance is defined as the ratio of the radiant power passing through a sample to that from the radiation's source. Multiplying the transmittance by 100 gives the percent transmittance (%T), which varies between 100% (no absorption) and 0%...
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Generation and Coherent Control of Pulsed Quantum Frequency Combs
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Generation and Coherent Control of Pulsed Quantum Frequency Combs

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Silicon-chip mid-infrared frequency comb generation.

Austin G Griffith1, Ryan K W Lau2, Jaime Cardenas1

  • 1School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14850, USA.

Nature Communications
|February 25, 2015
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers developed a silicon microresonator platform for on-chip optical frequency combs. This compact source generates broadband mid-infrared light, enabling precise molecular gas detection and real-time environmental monitoring.

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Area of Science:

  • Photonics and Spectroscopy
  • Materials Science and Engineering

Background:

  • Optical frequency combs are crucial for high-precision spectroscopy due to their narrow linewidths and precise frequency spacing.
  • Mid-infrared (2-20 μm) frequency combs are vital for molecular gas detection, targeting numerous absorption lines in this spectral region.
  • Microresonator-based comb sources offer compact, low-power operation but face material and dispersion limitations for mid-infrared applications.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To demonstrate a complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) compatible platform for on-chip mid-infrared optical frequency comb generation.
  • To overcome material and dispersion engineering limitations in existing microresonator comb technologies.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized silicon microresonators for on-chip frequency comb generation.
  • Engineered the platform for compatibility with complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor fabrication processes.

Main Results:

  • Realized a broadband optical frequency comb spanning from 2.1 to 3.5 μm.
  • Demonstrated a compact and robust on-chip comb generation platform.

Conclusions:

  • The developed silicon microresonator platform enables on-chip mid-infrared frequency comb generation.
  • This technology offers potential for versatile, real-world applications such as real-time monitoring of atmospheric gas conditions outside laboratory settings.