Non-syndromic oligodontia in permanent dentition: a case report

Area of Science:

• Dentistry
• Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery
• Congenital Anomalies

Background:

• Tooth agenesis is a common congenital anomaly, with oligodontia (absence of ≥6 permanent teeth, excluding third molars) being rare.
• Oligodontia affects 0.14% of the population and can occur independently or as part of a syndrome.
• Patients with oligodontia face masticatory, aesthetic, and psychological challenges, necessitating timely prosthetic intervention.

Observation:

• This case report focuses on a unique instance of non-syndromic oligodontia.
• The patient presented with agenesis of four mandibular permanent incisors, the left permanent canine, and the right second premolar.
• The absence of these teeth significantly impacts masticatory function and aesthetics.

Findings:

• The study highlights the successful management of this rare oligodontia case using a novel fixed functional prosthetic appliance.
• The prosthetic rehabilitation addressed the significant functional and aesthetic deficits caused by the multiple tooth agenesis.
• This approach aimed to improve the patient's quality of life and self-esteem.

Implications:

• Prosthetic rehabilitation is crucial for patients with oligodontia to overcome masticatory difficulties.
• Addressing aesthetic concerns through dental prosthetics can significantly enhance the self-esteem of individuals with congenital tooth agenesis.
• This case demonstrates a viable treatment strategy for complex non-syndromic oligodontia, emphasizing the importance of functional and aesthetic restoration.