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Updated: Apr 17, 2026

In Vivo Quantification of Hip Arthrokinematics during Dynamic Weight-bearing Activities using Dual Fluoroscopy
Published on: July 2, 2021
Prevalence of different hip sonographic types: A cross-sectional study
Atoosa Adibi1, Mahdi Karami1, Kaveh Koohi1
1Department of Radiology, Medical School, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
Background:
Developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH) is an anatomical abnormality, which needs early detection and treatment. Ultrasound (US) is a sensitive method to study neonatal hip joint and detection of different types of sonographic hip. This study was aimed to determine relative frequency of different types of DDH ultrasonographically.
Materials And Methods:
Ultrasound examination was performed on 380 newborns to determine hip joint status according to the Graf ultrasound classification system for infant hips. In addition, hip joint status was compared based on the hip side, gender, and method of delivery.
Results:
In this study, we observed three sonographic types: Ia (74%), type Ib (20%), and IIa (6%). No significant difference was found in relative frequency of different types of DDH regarding the side of the hip (P = 0.18). Type IIa was found significantly more in the female newborns (P < 0.0001) and in newborns who were born by cesarean section (P < 0.0001).
Conclusion:
This study supports the role of US detection of different types of DDH; however, the frequency of pathologic types of hip sonography is 6%.
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