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Preparation of Carboxylic Acids: Carboxylation of Grignard Reagents01:13

Preparation of Carboxylic Acids: Carboxylation of Grignard Reagents

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Carboxylic acids can be prepared by the carboxylation of Grignard reagents (RMgX). This method is convenient for converting alkyl (primary, secondary or tertiary), vinyl, benzyl, and aryl halides to carboxylic acids with one additional carbon than the starting RMgX.
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β-Dicarbonyl Compounds via Crossed Claisen Condensations01:18

β-Dicarbonyl Compounds via Crossed Claisen Condensations

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Crossed Claisen condensations are base-promoted reactions between two different ester molecules producing β-dicarbonyl compounds. The reaction involving esters, with both containing α hydrogen, results in a mixture of four different products that are difficult to isolate. This reduces the synthetic utility of the reaction.
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Reactions of α-Halocarbonyl Compounds: Nucleophilic Substitution01:17

Reactions of α-Halocarbonyl Compounds: Nucleophilic Substitution

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Nucleophilic substitution in α-halocarbonyl compounds can be achieved via an SN2 pathway. The reaction in α-haloketones is generally carried out with less basic nucleophiles. The use of strong basic nucleophiles leads to the generation of α-haloenolate ions, which often participate in other side reactions.
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Hydroboration-Oxidation of Alkenes03:08

Hydroboration-Oxidation of Alkenes

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In addition to the oxymercuration–demercuration method, which converts the alkenes to alcohols with Markovnikov orientation, a complementary hydroboration-oxidation method yields the anti-Markovnikov product. The hydroboration reaction, discovered in 1959 by H.C. Brown, involves the addition of a B–H bond of borane to an alkene giving an organoborane intermediate. The oxidation of this intermediate with basic hydrogen peroxide forms an alcohol.
12.7K
Carbocations02:10

Carbocations

15.0K
Carbocations are one of the reaction intermediates formed during several nucleophilic substitutions or elimination reactions. A carbocation is an electron-deficient species with the central carbon atom having six electrons and three bonded atoms. The central carbon in a carbocation is sp2 hybridized with trigonal planar geometry. It has an empty p orbital perpendicular to the plane of the structure that can accept electrons. Thus, carbocations act as strong electrophiles and may react with any...
15.0K
Properties of Organometallic Compounds01:23

Properties of Organometallic Compounds

2.2K
Organometallic compounds are compounds that contain a carbon–metal bond. Carbon belongs to an organyl group like alkyl, aryl, allyl, or benzyl groups. The metal can be from Group I or Group II of the periodic table, a transition metal, or a semimetal.
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nido↔closo Interconversion of Six-Vertex Metallacarboranes: Access to CoC<sub>2</sub> B<sub>3</sub> and CoC<sub>2</sub> B<sub>4</sub> Clusters with Nonadjacent Carbon Atoms.

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Isolating Free Carbenes, their Mixed Dimers and Organic Radicals
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Carboranes in the chemist's toolbox.

Russell N Grimes1

  • 1Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22901, USA. rng@virginia.edu.

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|February 25, 2015
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Carboranes, once rare, are now vital in diverse technologies like drug design and nanomaterials. This perspective showcases their expanding applications in science and industry.

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Area of Science:

  • * Chemistry, Materials Science, Nanotechnology, Medicine

Background:

  • * Carboranes and metallacarboranes were historically confined to specialized laboratories.
  • * These unique boron-containing clusters are now recognized for their versatile properties.

Purpose of the Study:

  • * To highlight the expanding role and diverse applications of carboranes and metallacarboranes.
  • * To showcase how their unique attributes are being exploited in various technological fields.

Main Methods:

  • * This is a perspective piece, not an experimental study.
  • * Literature review and synthesis of existing research on carborane applications.

Main Results:

  • * Carboranes are integral to advancements in organic synthesis, drug design, and cancer therapy.
  • * Applications extend to nanomaterials, catalysis, energy storage (batteries), and electronic devices.
  • * Their use in heat-resistant polymers and molecular machines is also noted.

Conclusions:

  • * Carboranes and metallacarboranes have transitioned from niche research to widespread technological impact.
  • * Their unique structural and electronic properties drive innovation across multiple scientific disciplines and industries.