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Published on: January 28, 2020
Relationship between serum cytokine and growth factor concentrations and coronary artery disease
Seyed Reza Mirhafez1, Ahmadreza Zarifian2, Mahmoud Ebrahimi3
1Cardiovascular Research Center, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neyshabur University of Medical Sciences, Neyshabur, Iran.
Insights
Serum concentrations of certain cytokines are associated with coronary artery disease (CAD). Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF) shows high accuracy in identifying patients needing coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG).
Area of Science:
- Cardiovascular Research
- Biomarker Discovery
- Immunology
Background:
- Investigated the link between serum cytokine/growth factor levels and angiographically diagnosed coronary artery disease (CAD).
- Compared concentrations across one control and three patient groups.
Purpose of the Study:
- To assess the association between specific serum biomarkers and the presence and severity of CAD.
- To identify potential biomarkers for distinguishing between different stages of CAD, including those requiring surgical intervention.
Main Methods:
- Analyzed 426 subjects: 98 controls and 228 patients undergoing coronary angiography (with or without obstructive CAD) or identified as coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) candidates.
- Measured serum levels of 12 cytokines/growth factors (IL-1α, IL-1β, IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, TNF-α, MCP-1, IFN-γ, EGF, VEGF) using sandwich chemiluminescence assays.
- Compared biomarker concentrations between control and patient groups, and evaluated diagnostic performance using ROC curve analysis.
Main Results:
- Demographic and clinical characteristics were similar, except for higher waist circumference, fasting blood glucose, cholesterol, and diastolic blood pressure in case groups.
- Significant differences in IL-1α, IL-8, MCP-1, and VEGF were observed between control and patient groups (P<0.01).
- IL-4, IL-6, and EGF levels differed significantly between control, obstructive CAD, and CABG groups (P<0.01). VEGF demonstrated 92.1% sensitivity and 99.2% specificity for identifying CABG candidates.
Conclusions:
- Suggests that cytokines including IL-1α, IL-4, IL-8, IL-10, and VEGF play significant roles in the pathogenesis of CAD.
- Highlights VEGF as a highly specific biomarker for identifying patients with severe CAD requiring CABG.
Background:
We have assessed the association between serum concentrations of 12 cytokines/growth factors and angiographically-defined coronary artery disease, comparing the concentrations in four groups (one control group and three case groups).
Methods:
We studied a total of 426 subjects including; 98 control subjects and 3 case groups. The patient groups consisted of: coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) candidates (n=48) and patients undergoing coronary angiography, with, or without obstructive coronary artery disease. Twelve cytokines (IL-1α, IL-1β, IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, TNF-α, MCP-1, IFN-γ, EGF, and VEGF) were measured using a sandwich chemi-luminescence assays, on the Evidence Investigator® system.
Results:
The four groups were well matched for demographic and clinical characteristics, except waist circumference, fasting blood glucose (FBG), total and LDL cholesterol and diastolic blood pressure that were significantly higher in case groups compared to the control group (P<0.05 for all). There were significant differences between control group and the other three groups regarding the measured cytokines, such as IL-1α, IL-8, MCP-1, and VEGF (P<0.01). Furthermore, IL-4, IL-6 and EGF were also significantly different between the control, obstructive coronary disease and CABG candidate groups (P<0.01). Analysis of the ROC curve showed 92.1% sensitivity, 99.2% specificity and 100% positive predictive value (PPV) for VEGF in its ability to distinguish the CABG group at the cut-off point of 37.18 pg/ml.
Conclusion:
The results of this study suggest that cytokines such as IL-1α, IL-4, IL-8, IL-10 and VEGF may play major roles in pathogenesis of CAD.
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