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Key polarity factors in fungi and neurons are clustered in the cytosol by proteins Whi3 and Puf2. This transcript positioning is essential for establishing and maintaining sites of polarized growth.

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Area of Science:

  • Cell Biology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Establishing and maintaining cell polarity is crucial for processes like fungal growth and neuronal development.
  • Multiple axes of polarity must be coordinated within a single cell's cytoplasm.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the mechanism of transcript localization for polarity factors in Ashbya gossypii.
  • To identify proteins involved in the asymmetric distribution of polarity transcripts.

Main Methods:

  • Investigated the role of Whi3 (a polyQ-containing protein) and Puf2 (a Pumilio protein) in transcript localization.
  • Observed the effects of Whi3 and Puf2 deletion on the localization of Bni1 and Spa2 transcripts and proteins.
  • Analyzed the impact of transcript clustering on the establishment of new polarity sites.

Main Results:

  • Transcripts for polarity factors like Bni1 and Spa2 are nonrandomly clustered in the cytosol.
  • The proteins Whi3 and Puf2 are required for the asymmetric distribution and enrichment of these transcripts at growth sites.
  • Cells lacking Whi3 or Puf2 exhibited defects in polarity establishment and Bni1 protein localization.

Conclusions:

  • Aggregation-prone proteins Whi3 and Puf2 form functional assemblies to position polarity transcripts.
  • Nonrandom transcript positioning is critical for symmetry-breaking events that establish cell polarity.
  • This study reveals a physiological role for polyQ-driven assemblies in regulating cell polarity.