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The effects of different exercise programmes on female body composition.

Rosa Maria Soares Costa de Mendonça1, Adenilson Targino de Araújo Júnior2, Maria do Socorro Cirilo de Sousa3

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Journal of Human Kinetics
|February 26, 2015
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Summary

This 16-week study found that exercise programs like hydrogymnastics and strength training significantly improved body composition in women. All exercise groups showed healthier anthropometric aspects compared to the sedentary control group.

Keywords:
anthropometrydancehealthhydrogymnasticsphysical exercisestrength training

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Area of Science:

  • Exercise Physiology
  • Body Composition Analysis
  • Anthropometry

Background:

  • Understanding the impact of different exercise modalities on body composition is crucial for public health.
  • Previous research indicates exercise influences anthropometric measurements, but specific program effects require further investigation.
  • This study addresses the need for evidence on the comparative efficacy of strength training, dance, and hydrogymnastics.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the effects of 16 weeks of strength training, dance, and hydrogymnastics on body composition in adult women.
  • To compare the anthropometric changes induced by different exercise programs against a sedentary control group.

Main Methods:

  • An exploratory and descriptive study involving 89 women (aged 25-55 years) randomly assigned to strength training, dance, hydrogymnastics, or a control group.
  • Body mass, height, circumferences (chest, waist, abdomen, hips, thighs, calves), and skinfolds (triceps, suprailiac, thigh) were measured at baseline, 8 weeks, and 16 weeks.
  • Body density was estimated using the Jackson, Pollock, and Ward trifold protocol; data analyzed using ANOVA and percentage change (Δ%).

Main Results:

  • Significant effects of time, group, and their interaction were observed for percentage of fat (F%), fat mass (FM), and lean mass (LM).
  • Hydrogymnastics (HG) and Strength Training (SG) groups showed greater reductions in F% compared to other groups.
  • All experimental exercise groups (EG) exhibited healthier anthropometric profiles than the control group (CG), irrespective of exercise type.

Conclusions:

  • Hydrogymnastics and strength training are particularly effective for reducing body fat percentage.
  • Engaging in structured exercise programs, regardless of modality, leads to significant improvements in body composition and anthropometric health.
  • The duration of exercise intervention is a key factor influencing positive changes in anthropometric dimensions.