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Genes and diabetes mellitus.

G A Hitman, M J Niven

    British Medical Bulletin
    |January 1, 1989
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    Genetic factors significantly influence diabetes risk, particularly for insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM). Research has identified key genes in the HLA region and on chromosome 11, though NIDDM genetics remain less understood.

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    Area of Science:

    • Genetics
    • Immunology
    • Endocrinology

    Background:

    • Genetic factors play a substantial role in the susceptibility to both insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) and non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM).
    • Environmental triggers are thought to interact with genetic predispositions to manifest diabetes.
    • While progress has been made in understanding IDDM genetics, NIDDM genetics remain largely unknown and controversial.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To review and summarize the known genetic factors contributing to diabetes mellitus susceptibility.
    • To highlight the significant genetic contributions to IDDM.
    • To contrast the current understanding of genetic factors in IDDM versus NIDDM.

    Main Methods:

    • Review of existing genetic association studies.

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  • Analysis of gene loci implicated in diabetes development.
  • Comparison of genetic findings between IDDM and NIDDM.

    • Main Results:

    • The major genetic contributors to IDDM susceptibility are located within the HLA region on chromosome 6, particularly near or within the DQ subregion.
    • Other contributing loci for IDDM include the insulin gene on chromosome 11 and potentially T-cell receptor and immunoglobulin genes.
    • Genetic associations for NIDDM remain controversial and less defined.

    Conclusions:

    • Genetic factors, especially within the HLA region and on chromosome 11, are critical for IDDM development.
    • Further research is needed to elucidate the genetic underpinnings of NIDDM.
    • The interplay between genetics and environmental factors is crucial in diabetes pathogenesis.