[Modern perspective on the problem of retinopathy of prematurity]

Area of Science:

• Ophthalmology
• Neonatology
• Perinatal Medicine

Background:

• Retinopathy of prematurity (RP) remains a significant challenge in neonatal eye care.
• Increasing survival rates of extremely premature infants alter the landscape of RP incidence and severity.
• Understanding the pathogenesis and clinical spectrum of active and regressive RP is crucial.

Purpose of the Study:

• To analyze the current state of retinopathy of prematurity (RP).
• To review international and Russian advances in RP pathogenesis, clinical presentation, treatment, and prognosis.
• To highlight the need for novel treatment strategies based on pathogenetic insights.

Main Methods:

• Comprehensive review of international and Russian ophthalmology literature.
• Analysis of multicenter studies on RP treatment and prognosis.
• Discussion of clinical outcomes, late complications, and associated pathologies in RP patients.

Main Results:

• Significant changes in the survival range of premature newborns necessitate updated management strategies.
• Current understanding encompasses both active and regressive forms of RP.
• Multicenter studies provide insights into effective treatment protocols and prognostic factors.

Conclusions:

• There is a growing need for advanced, pathogenetic-based treatment approaches for retinopathy of prematurity.
• The wide spectrum of RP outcomes, including late complications and comorbidities, significantly impacts long-term visual function and quality of life.
• Continued research is essential to optimize the care and improve the long-term prognosis for infants affected by RP.