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Related Concept Videos

Glaucoma: Overview01:25

Glaucoma: Overview

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Glaucoma is an eye condition characterized by increased intraocular pressure that damages the retina and optic nerve, leading to irreversible blindness if left untreated. The human eye has various components, including the cornea, iris, pupil, lens, and optic nerve. Aqueous humor is secreted by the epithelium of the ciliary body in the posterior chamber and flows through the trabecular meshwork and canal of Schlemm, maintaining normal intraocular pressure. The trabecular meshwork and the canal...
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Open Angle Glaucoma: Treatment01:27

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In open-angle glaucoma, the iridocorneal angle remains open, but the trabecular meshwork becomes stiff, slowing down the outflow of aqueous humor. This causes a buildup of aqueous humor in the anterior chamber, leading to a sudden increase in intraocular pressure. The treatment for open-angle glaucoma focuses on reducing the elevated intraocular pressure by either decreasing the secretion of aqueous humor or increasing its outflow.
Drugs such as carbonic anhydrase inhibitors, α2- and...
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Angle Closure Glaucoma: Treatment01:28

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Angle-closure glaucoma, or closed-angle glaucoma, is an eye condition where the iris bulges out and blocks the iridocorneal angle, resulting in a buildup of aqueous humor and increased intraocular pressure. Immediate medical attention is necessary due to the sudden onset of symptoms. The treatment for angle-closure glaucoma includes short-term and long-term approaches. Short-term treatment involves using eye drops like pilocarpine to lower intraocular pressure by increasing aqueous humor...
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Photoreceptors and Visual Pathways01:22

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At the molecular level, visual signals trigger transformations in photopigment molecules, resulting in changes in the photoreceptor cell's membrane potential. The photon's energy level is denoted by its wavelength, with each specific wavelength of visible light associated with a distinct color. The spectral range of visible light, classified as electromagnetic radiation, spans from 380 to 720 nm. Electromagnetic radiation wavelengths exceeding 720 nm fall under the infrared category,...
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Acute kidney injury (AKI) causes are categorized into three primary categories based on the location of the injury: prerenal, intrarenal (or intrinsic), and postrenal causes. This classification guides clinical management and illustrates how different pathways can impair kidney function.Etiology and Pathophysiology of Acute Kidney Injury1. Prerenal causesEtiology: Prerenal Acute Kidney Injury, the most common type, occurs when reduced blood flow to the kidneys decreases filtration capacity...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 16, 2026

Glaucoma-inducing Procedure in an In Vivo Rat Model and Whole-mount Retina Preparation
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Glaucoma-inducing Procedure in an In Vivo Rat Model and Whole-mount Retina Preparation

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[On pathogenesis of primary open-angle glaucoma].

V P Erichev, E A Egorov

    Vestnik Oftalmologii
    |February 27, 2015
    PubMed
    Summary

    This review examines primary open-angle glaucoma pathogenesis, exploring historical and modern theories on glaucoma development and risk factors. It details how various factors influence glaucomatous optic neuropathy and its underlying neurodegenerative processes.

    Area of Science:

    • Ophthalmology
    • Neuroscience

    Background:

    • Primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) is a leading cause of irreversible blindness.
    • Understanding POAG pathogenesis is crucial for developing effective treatments.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To review the pathogenesis of primary open-angle glaucoma.
    • To analyze accepted theories and risk factors from historical and modern perspectives.
    • To elucidate the interrelation of factors contributing to glaucomatous optic neuropathy.

    Main Methods:

    • Literature review and synthesis of existing data.
    • Historical analysis of glaucoma theories.
    • Examination of modern understanding of glaucomatous optic neuropathy.

    Main Results:

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    Translaminar Autonomous System Model for the Modulation of Intraocular and Intracranial Pressure in Human Donor Posterior Segments
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    • Accepted theories and risk factors for POAG development are presented.
    • The impact of independent factors on pathogenetic events is illustrated.
    • Data on potential, yet unsubstantiated, mechanisms of neurodegeneration are included.

    Conclusions:

    • The pathogenesis of POAG is multifactorial, involving complex interactions.
    • Further research into neurodegenerative mechanisms is warranted.
    • A comprehensive understanding of POAG pathogenesis is essential for clinical advancements.