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Methods for microbiological quality assessment in drinking water: a comparative study.

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Flow cytometry (FCM) is a powerful tool for monitoring drinking water bacteria. This study found FCM counts for total and active bacteria correlated well with microscopy, aiding water quality assessment.

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Area of Science:

  • Environmental microbiology
  • Water quality analysis
  • Analytical chemistry

Background:

  • Accurate quantification and physiological state discrimination of bacterial populations in drinking water are crucial for public health.
  • Traditional methods like microscopy and culturing have limitations in speed and sensitivity for complex water matrices.
  • Emerging technologies like flow cytometry offer potential for rapid and detailed bacterial analysis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare the performance of flow cytometry (FCM), solid-phase cytometry (SPC), epifluorescence microscopy (MSP), and culture methods for bacterial quantification in drinking water.
  • To assess the ability of these methods to discriminate between different bacterial physiological states (total, viable, active).
  • To evaluate the effectiveness of these techniques in monitoring bacterial populations in chlorinated and non-chlorinated drinking water samples.

Main Methods:

  • Samples from a drinking water treatment plant (chlorinated and non-chlorinated) were analyzed.
  • Total bacteria quantified using SYBR Green II (FCM) and DAPI (MSP).
  • Viable/non-viable discrimination via SYBR Green II/propidium iodide dual staining (FCM).
  • Active cells detected using CTC (MSP) and Chemchrome V6 (FCM, SPC).
  • Bacterial culturability assessed using R2A medium.

Main Results:

  • Microscopy and FCM showed significant correlation for total bacteria and active cell counts.
  • SPC and FCM counts for active bacteria were not significantly similar under the study's conditions.
  • R2A medium demonstrated recovery of bacterial culturability post-chlorination.

Conclusions:

  • Flow cytometry (FCM) is a highly effective and powerful technique for monitoring drinking water production.
  • FCM provides reliable quantification of total and active bacterial populations, comparable to microscopy.
  • Further investigation may be needed to optimize SPC for active bacterial cell enumeration in drinking water.