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Related Concept Videos

Pharmacodynamics in Geriatric Patients: Effects of Age01:27

Pharmacodynamics in Geriatric Patients: Effects of Age

343
Age-related pharmacokinetic changes are extensively documented, but understanding age-related pharmacodynamic alterations is relatively limited. This knowledge gap can be partly attributed to the complexity of developing appropriate measures of drug responses compared to bioanalytical methods for determining drug concentrations.Most information regarding age-related differences in human pharmacodynamics originates from cross-sectional studies. However, these studies assume that observed mean...
343
Drug Dosing: Geriatric Patients01:15

Drug Dosing: Geriatric Patients

374
Elderly individuals encompass a diverse population with varying degrees of age-related physiological changes. Defining the elderly presents challenges, as the geriatric population is often arbitrarily categorized as individuals older than 65. However, many individuals in this group lead active and healthy lives, with an increasing number surpassing 85 years and falling into the older elderly category. Physiological changes associated with aging impact performance capacity and homeostatic...
374
Pharmacokinetics in Geriatric Patients: Effect of Age on Drug Distribution01:00

Pharmacokinetics in Geriatric Patients: Effect of Age on Drug Distribution

353
Drug distribution in the human body is influenced by several factors, including plasma protein concentration, body composition, blood flow, tissue-protein concentration, and tissue fluid pH. Among these, changes in plasma protein concentration and body composition due to aging significantly affect how drugs are distributed within the body. Specifically, aging is associated with a decrease in albumin levels by about 10% and an increase in α1-acid glycoprotein levels. These alterations are...
353
Pharmacokinetics in Geriatric Patients: Effect of Age on Drug Excretion01:18

Pharmacokinetics in Geriatric Patients: Effect of Age on Drug Excretion

331
In geriatric patients, renal physiology undergoes significant changes, including diminished renal blood flow and a lower glomerular filtration rate (GFR), leading to alterations in medication clearance. Drugs such as aminoglycoside antibiotics, lithium, and digoxin, which rely on glomerular filtration for removal from the body, particularly impact pharmacokinetics. These drugs tend to have slower clearance rates in older adults, necessitating careful dosage considerations.Evaluation of renal...
331
Pharmacokinetics in Geriatric Patients: Effect of Age on Drug Metabolism01:18

Pharmacokinetics in Geriatric Patients: Effect of Age on Drug Metabolism

356
Geriatric patients show significant variation in how their bodies process medications, which can change how effective and safe treatments are. The liver is the primary organ where drug metabolism occurs, involving two main types of chemical reactions: phase I and II. Phase I metabolism is driven by the cytochrome P450 enzyme system, which includes key types such as CYP3A, CYP2D6, and CYP2C9. Research indicates that while aging doesn't notably alter the levels or activity of these enzymes, it...
356
Pharmacokinetics in Geriatric Patients: Effect of Age on Drug Absorption01:22

Pharmacokinetics in Geriatric Patients: Effect of Age on Drug Absorption

817
As individuals age, their body's physiology evolves, affecting drug pharmacokinetics. The most apparent changes occur in the gastrointestinal tract, where an increase in gastric pH, a delay in gastric emptying, and a reduction in gastrointestinal motility are observed. Remarkably, these changes do not substantially modify the absorption of orally administered drugs, particularly those absorbed via passive diffusion.Transdermal drug delivery emerges as a highly viable method for older adults due...
817

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 16, 2026

Semi-Targeted Ultra-High-Performance Chromatography Coupled to Mass Spectrometry Analysis of Phenolic Metabolites in Plasma of Elderly Adults
14:39

Semi-Targeted Ultra-High-Performance Chromatography Coupled to Mass Spectrometry Analysis of Phenolic Metabolites in Plasma of Elderly Adults

Published on: April 22, 2022

4.6K

Special considerations for nutritional studies in elderly.

Pilar Riobó Serván1, Roberto Sierra Poyatos2, Judith Soldo Rodríguez2

  • 1Endocrinology and Nutrition Department. Hospital Fundación Jiménez Díaz- idc salud. Madrid.. priobo@telefonica.net.

Nutricion Hospitalaria
|February 27, 2015
PubMed
Summary

Assessing nutrition in older adults requires tailored methods due to impairments. Standard dietary assessments and Body Mass Index (BMI) are often inaccurate for this population.

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Apr 16, 2026

Semi-Targeted Ultra-High-Performance Chromatography Coupled to Mass Spectrometry Analysis of Phenolic Metabolites in Plasma of Elderly Adults
14:39

Semi-Targeted Ultra-High-Performance Chromatography Coupled to Mass Spectrometry Analysis of Phenolic Metabolites in Plasma of Elderly Adults

Published on: April 22, 2022

4.6K

Area of Science:

  • Gerontology
  • Nutritional Science
  • Public Health

Background:

  • The global elderly population is growing, presenting unique nutritional challenges.
  • Impairments in older adults necessitate adaptations in dietary assessment methods.
  • Traditional self-report dietary assessments and Body Mass Index (BMI) have limitations in the elderly.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review challenges and propose solutions for accurate nutritional and hydration status assessment in the elderly.
  • To highlight the importance of specific micronutrients (e.g., vitamin B12) and fluid intake in geriatric nutrition.
  • To explore alternative anthropometric measures and functional assessments for nutritional status.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on dietary assessment methods for the elderly.
  • Discussion of limitations of self-report and standard anthropometric measures like BMI.
  • Exploration of biomarkers, functional status indicators (gait speed, handgrip strength), and novel anthropometric indices (ABSI).

Main Results:

  • Self-report dietary intake methods are prone to errors, particularly under-reporting of energy intake.
  • Biomarkers like 24-hour urinary Nitrogen may be unreliable due to incontinence.
  • Functional assessments and Body Shape Index (ABSI) show promise for evaluating nutritional and mortality risk.

Conclusions:

  • Accurate nutritional and hydration assessment in the elderly requires specialized approaches beyond standard methods.
  • Functional status and novel anthropometric measures are crucial for a comprehensive geriatric nutritional assessment.
  • Further research is needed to establish optimal, simple methods for assessing intake and status in older adults.