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Related Experiment Video

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Fabrication of Carbon Nanotube High-Frequency Nanoelectronic Biosensor for Sensing in High Ionic Strength Solutions
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Protein functionalized carbon nanotubes-based smart lab-on-a-chip.

Md Azahar Ali1, Pratima R Solanki2, Saurabh Srivastava3

  • 1‡Department of Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, Ordnance Factory Estate, Yeddumailaram, Hyderabad, Andhra Pradesh 502205, India.

ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces
|February 27, 2015
PubMed
Summary

A novel biosensor using carbon nanotubes-nickel oxide nanocomposite detects low-density lipoprotein (LDL) with high sensitivity. This impedimetric lab on a chip (iLOC) shows promise for in vivo diagnostics and improved stability.

Keywords:
antiapolipoprotein Bcytotoxicityimpedancelab-on-a-chiplabel-free immunosensorlow density lipoprotein

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Area of Science:

  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Nanotechnology
  • Analytical Chemistry

Background:

  • Cardiovascular diseases are a major health concern, often linked to elevated low-density lipoprotein (LDL) levels.
  • Accurate and sensitive detection of LDL is crucial for early diagnosis and management of cardiovascular risks.
  • Existing diagnostic methods can be time-consuming, expensive, or require complex sample preparation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a label-free impedimetric lab on a chip (iLOC) for sensitive and rapid detection of LDL.
  • To investigate the potential of a carbon nanotubes-nickel oxide (CNT-NiO) nanocomposite functionalized with antiapolipoprotein B for LDL sensing.
  • To evaluate the cytotoxicity and electrochemical performance of the developed iLOC system.

Main Methods:

  • Fabrication of a CNT-NiO nanocomposite and functionalization with antiapolipoprotein B (AAB).
  • Assembly of a microfluidic electrode using polydimethylsiloxane microchannels.
  • Cytotoxicity assessment using MTT assay on A549 lung cancer cell line.
  • Characterization of the electrode surface using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy.
  • Electrochemical analysis using chronocoulometry and impedance spectroscopy for binding kinetics and activity.

Main Results:

  • The CNT-NiO nanocomposite exhibited lower cytotoxicity compared to individual CNTs at tested concentrations.
  • The iLOC demonstrated high sensitivity (5.37 kΩ (mg/dL)(-1)) and a low detection limit (0.63 mg/dL) for LDL detection within a wide range (5-120 mg/dL).
  • Binding kinetics revealed a high association rate constant (8.13 M(-1) s(-1)) for LDL antigen-antibody interactions.

Conclusions:

  • The developed CNT-NiO based iLOC offers a sensitive, stable, and reproducible platform for label-free LDL detection.
  • The biosensor shows significant potential for in vivo diagnostics and improved cardiovascular disease monitoring.
  • The study highlights the advantages of using CNT-NiO nanocomposites in electrochemical biosensing applications.