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Updated: Apr 16, 2026

Infection of Primary Nasal Epithelial Cells Grown at an Air-Liquid Interface to Characterize Human Coronavirus-Host Interactions
Published on: September 22, 2023
Characterization of human coronaviruses on well-differentiated human airway epithelial cell cultures
Hulda R Jonsdottir1, Ronald Dijkman
1Department of Infectious Diseases and Pathobiology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, 3012, Switzerland.
Abstract:
The human airway serves as the entry point of human respiratory viruses, including human coronaviruses. In this chapter we outline the methods by which we establish fully differentiated airway epithelium and its use for human coronavirus propagation. Additionally, we outline methods for immunofluorescence staining of these cultures for virus detection, characterization of cell tropism, and how to perform antiviral assays and quantify viral replication.
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