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Related Concept Videos

What is an Experiment?01:12

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An experiment is a planned activity carried out under controlled conditions. The purpose of an experiment is to investigate the relationship between two variables. When one variable causes change in another, we call the first variable the explanatory or independent variable. The affected variable is called the response or dependent variable. In a randomized experiment, the researcher manipulates values of the explanatory variable and measures the resulting changes in the response variable. The...
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Experiments: Why and How?

Sven Ove Hansson1

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|February 28, 2015
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Summary

Scientific experiments involve deliberate interventions on a study subject to achieve predictable outcomes. This contrasts with non-experimental observation and has roots in historical technological practices, highlighting a unique blend of action and observation.

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Area of Science:

  • Philosophy of Science
  • Scientific Methodology

Background:

  • Experiments are procedures involving interventions to yield predictable outcomes.
  • Distinguishing experiments from non-experimental observation is crucial for different epistemic needs.
  • Experimentation's origins lie in pre-scientific technological practices aimed at achieving specific ends.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To define the standard scientific experiment.
  • To explore the historical development of experimental methodology.
  • To highlight the unique epistemological aspects of experimentation.

Main Methods:

  • Conceptual analysis of the definition and history of experimentation.
  • Distinction between experimental and observational approaches.
  • Tracing methodological origins from pre-scientific traditions.

Main Results:

  • Experiments are characterized by interventions for predictable outcomes.
  • A clear distinction exists between experimental and observational methods based on epistemic goals.
  • Modern experimental science incorporates methods from historical technological experimentation.

Conclusions:

  • Experimentation uniquely combines acting and observing.
  • The epistemological properties of this combination require further clarification.
  • Understanding the nature of experimentation is vital for scientific progress.