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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 16, 2026

Author Spotlight: Unveiling Mechanisms of Stress Resilience - Significant Findings, Advancements, and Future Research

Author Spotlight: Unveiling Mechanisms of Stress Resilience - Significant Findings, Advancements, and Future Research

Published on: December 15, 2023

Sex differences in the single prolonged stress model.

Samantha M Keller¹, William B Schreiber¹, Jennifer M Staib¹

¹Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA.

Behavioural Brain Research

|February 28, 2015

Summary

Female rats show resilience to single prolonged stress (SPS), a model for post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Unlike males, females did not exhibit fear extinction deficits but showed altered hippocampal glucocorticoid receptor (GR) levels, suggesting sex-specific stress responses.

Keywords:

Extinction recall Fear Glucocorticoids Post traumatic stress disorder Sex differences Stress

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Area of Science:

Neuroscience
Behavioral Science
Endocrinology

Background:

Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is more prevalent in females, yet underlying neurobiological mechanisms remain unclear.
Nonhuman animal models, like single prolonged stress (SPS), are crucial for studying PTSD neurobiology.
Previous research in male rats linked SPS to fear extinction deficits and hippocampal glucocorticoid receptor (GR) upregulation.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate sex differences in the effects of SPS on fear extinction retention and hippocampal GR.
To explore the neurobiological underpinnings of female resilience to SPS-induced PTSD-like behaviors.

Main Methods:

Utilized the single prolonged stress (SPS) paradigm in male and female rats.
Assessed cued fear extinction retention.
Measured glucocorticoid receptor (GR) levels in the dorsal and ventral hippocampus.

Main Results:

SPS induced cued fear extinction retention deficits in male rats, but not in female rats.
SPS led to increased GR levels in the dorsal hippocampus of female rats, unlike in males.
Ventral hippocampal GR levels were attenuated in females compared to males, with no SPS effect.

Conclusions:

Female rats exhibit resilience to SPS, suggesting sex-specific differences in PTSD susceptibility.
GR upregulation and fear extinction deficits may be dissociable in the SPS model.
Findings highlight the importance of considering sex in PTSD research and animal modeling.