Bone cement grafting increases implant primary stability in circumferential cortical bone defects

Area of Science:

• Dental Implantology
• Biomaterials Science
• Bone Regeneration

Background:

• Insufficient cortical bone volume compromises initial dental implant stability.
• This instability can lead to early implant failure and affect long-term outcomes.
• Bone cement offers a potential solution to augment bone and improve primary stability.

Purpose of the Study:

• To evaluate the efficacy of bone cement grafting in enhancing initial implant stability.
• To assess the impact of varying degrees of cortical bone defects on implant stability.
• To determine if bone cement can overcome stability issues caused by bone loss.

Main Methods:

• Bovine rib bone models with controlled circumferential defects (2.5 mm and 5 mm) were used.
• Dental implants were placed, and implant stability was measured using the implant stability quotient (ISQ).
• Bone cement was grafted to augment bone, and ISQ values were remeasured.

Main Results:

• Implant stability quotient (ISQ) values decreased significantly with increasing defect depth.
• Bone cement grafting led to a significant increase in ISQ values in both defect groups.
• The 5-mm defect group showed a more than twofold increase in ISQ after bone cement application.

Conclusions:

• Bone cement grafting effectively improves initial dental implant stability in compromised bone sites.
• This grafting method addresses primary instability resulting from insufficient cortical bone.
• Bone cement is a viable option for enhancing implant anchorage in challenging anatomical situations.