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Related Concept Videos

Genome Annotation and Assembly03:36

Genome Annotation and Assembly

22.2K
The genome refers to all of the genetic material in an organism. It can range from a few million base pairs in microbial cells to several billion base pairs in many eukaryotic organisms. Genome assembly refers to the process of taking the DNA sequencing data and putting it all back together in a correct order to create a close representation of the original genome. This is followed by the identification of functional elements on the newly assembled genome, a process called genome annotation.
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Crossing Over01:34

Crossing Over

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Unlike mitosis, meiosis aims for genetic diversity in its creation of haploid gametes. Dividing germ cells first begin this process in prophase I, where each chromosome—replicated in S phase—is now composed of two sister chromatids (identical copies) joined centrally.
The homologous pairs of sister chromosomes—one from the maternal and one from the paternal genome—then begin to align alongside each other lengthwise, matching corresponding DNA positions in a process...
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Crossing Over01:30

Crossing Over

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Crossing over is the exchange of genetic information between homologous chromosomes during prophase I of meiosis I. Genetic recombination gives rise to allelic diversity in the newly formed daughter cells. In humans, crossing over produces genetically distinct haploid egg and sperm cells that undergo fertilization to produce unique offspring. Before cell division starts, the germ cell’s chromosome(s) undergo duplication in the S phase of the cell cycle. As the cells enter prophase I,...
7.4K
Polytene Chromosomes02:04

Polytene Chromosomes

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Polytene chromosomes are giant interphase chromosomes with several DNA strands placed side by side. They were discovered in the year 1881 by Balbiani in salivary glands, intestine, muscles, malpighian tubules, and hypoderm of larvae Chironomus plumosus. Hence, these are also called "Salivary gland chromosomes." These are found in insects of the order Diptera and Collembola; in certain organs of mammals; and synergids, antipodes of flowering plants. Polytene chromosomes are also...
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Spindle Assembly02:50

Spindle Assembly

4.5K
Spindle assembly occurs through three, often coexisting, pathways – the centrosome-mediated pathway, the chromatin-mediated pathway, and the microtubule-mediated pathway – collectively contributing to form a robust spindle apparatus.
In most cells, centrosomes are the primary microtubule nucleation centers. In the centrosome-mediated pathway, the G2-prophase transition triggers centrosome maturation and increased microtubule nucleation. Progressive nucleation results in a...
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Formation of Species01:31

Formation of Species

47.1K
Speciation describes the formation of one or more new species from one or sometimes multiple original species. The resulting species are discrete from the parent species, and barriers to reproduction will typically exist. There are two primary mechanisms, speciation with and without geographic isolation—allopatric and sympatric speciation, respectively.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 16, 2026

Hybrid De Novo Genome Assembly for the Generation of Complete Genomes of Urinary Bacteria using Short- and Long-read Sequencing Technologies
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Hybrid De Novo Genome Assembly for the Generation of Complete Genomes of Urinary Bacteria using Short- and Long-read Sequencing Technologies

Published on: August 20, 2021

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Assembling allopolyploid genomes: no longer formidable.

Ray Ming, Ching Man Wai

    Genome Biology
    |February 28, 2015
    PubMed
    Summary

    Combining whole genome shotgun sequencing and skim sequencing linkage mapping effectively assembles allopolyploid genomes. This approach aids in understanding complex polyploid genetic structures.

    Area of Science:

    • Genomics
    • Bioinformatics
    • Molecular Biology

    Background:

    • Allopolyploid genomes present significant assembly challenges due to their complex structures.
    • Traditional sequencing methods often struggle with accurately assembling highly repetitive or duplicated regions common in polyploids.

    Discussion:

    • The integration of whole genome shotgun sequencing provides comprehensive genomic data.
    • Ultra-high density linkage mapping, utilizing skim sequencing, offers precise marker placement for scaffolding.

    Key Insights:

    • A combined strategy of whole genome shotgun sequencing and skim sequencing-based linkage mapping is highly effective for allopolyploid genome assembly.
    • This integrated approach overcomes limitations of individual methods, enabling robust genome reconstruction.

    More Related Videos

    High-throughput Physical Mapping of Chromosomes using Automated in situ Hybridization
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    High-throughput Physical Mapping of Chromosomes using Automated in situ Hybridization

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    Manipulation of Ploidy in Caenorhabditis elegans
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    Manipulation of Ploidy in Caenorhabditis elegans

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    Related Experiment Videos

    Last Updated: Apr 16, 2026

    Hybrid De Novo Genome Assembly for the Generation of Complete Genomes of Urinary Bacteria using Short- and Long-read Sequencing Technologies
    12:08

    Hybrid De Novo Genome Assembly for the Generation of Complete Genomes of Urinary Bacteria using Short- and Long-read Sequencing Technologies

    Published on: August 20, 2021

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    High-throughput Physical Mapping of Chromosomes using Automated in situ Hybridization
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    High-throughput Physical Mapping of Chromosomes using Automated in situ Hybridization

    Published on: June 28, 2012

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    Manipulation of Ploidy in Caenorhabditis elegans
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    Manipulation of Ploidy in Caenorhabditis elegans

    Published on: March 15, 2018

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    Outlook:

    • This methodology can be applied to diverse allopolyploid species, advancing comparative genomics.
    • Future research can refine these techniques for even greater accuracy and efficiency in polyploid genome analysis.