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Related Concept Videos

Preparation and Reactions of Sulfides02:26

Preparation and Reactions of Sulfides

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Sulfides are the sulfur analog of ethers, just as thiols are the sulfur analog of alcohol. Like ethers, sulfides also consist of two hydrocarbon groups bonded to the central sulfur atom. Depending upon the type of groups present, sulfides can be symmetrical or asymmetrical. Symmetrical sulfides can be prepared via an SN2 reaction between 2 equivalents of an alkyl halide and one equivalent of sodium sulfide.
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Labeling DNA Probes03:31

Labeling DNA Probes

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DNA probes are fragments of DNA labeled with a reporter tag to enable their detection or purification. The resulting labeled DNA probes can then hybridize to target nucleic acid sequences through complementary base-pairing, and may be used to recover or identify these regions.
Radioisotopes, fluorophores, or small molecule binding partners like biotin or digoxigenin, are the most widely used reporter tags for labeling DNA probes. These labels can be attached to the probe DNA molecule via...
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Radical Substitution: Hydrogenolysis of Alkyl Halides with Tributyltin Hydride01:26

Radical Substitution: Hydrogenolysis of Alkyl Halides with Tributyltin Hydride

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Radical substitution reactions can be used to remove functional groups from molecules. The hydrogenolysis of alkyl halides is one such reaction, where the weak Sn–H bond in tributyltin hydride reacts with alkyl halides to form alkanes. Here, the reagent Bu3SnH yields tributyltin halide as a byproduct.
The bonds formed in this reaction are stronger than the bonds broken, making it energetically favorable. The reaction follows a radical chain mechanism similar to radical halogenation...
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Electrophilic Aromatic Substitution: Fluorination and Iodination of Benzene01:13

Electrophilic Aromatic Substitution: Fluorination and Iodination of Benzene

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Bromination and chlorination of aromatic rings by electrophilic aromatic substitution reactions are easily achieved, but fluorination and iodination are difficult to achieve. Fluorine is so reactive that its reaction with benzene is difficult to control, resulting in poor yields of monofluoroaromatic products. To address this, Selectfluor reagent is used as a fluorine source in which a fluorine atom is bonded to a positively charged nitrogen.
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Amines to Sulfonamides: The Hinsberg Test01:23

Amines to Sulfonamides: The Hinsberg Test

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The Hinsberg test is a method to identify primary, secondary and tertiary amines, named after its pioneer, Oscar Hinsberg. Here, amines are treated with benzenesulfonyl chloride, also known as the Hinsberg reagent, in the presence of an excess of aqueous base, followed by acidification. Based on the nature of the amines, different changes are observed.
Generally, a primary amine reacts with the Hinsberg reagent to produce an N-substituted benzenesulfonamide. The electron-withdrawing sulfonyl...
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FISH - Fluorescent In-situ Hybridization02:07

FISH - Fluorescent In-situ Hybridization

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Fluorescence in situ hybridization, or FISH, was developed in the early 1980s and has quickly become one of the most widely used techniques in cytogenetics. Labeled probes are used to bind complementary DNA or RNA sequences on a chromosome or in a region within a cell. Earlier, the probes could only be obtained by cloning or reverse transcription of a DNA template. Currently, the probe oligonucleotides can be synthesized synthetically. Additionally, with the advancement of optical techniques,...
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A Sensitive Visual Method for the Detection of Hydrogen Sulfide Producing Bacteria
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Hydrogen sulfide detection using nucleophilic substitution-cyclization-based fluorescent probes.

Bo Peng1, Ming Xian1

  • 1Department of Chemistry, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, USA.

Methods in Enzymology
|March 2, 2015
PubMed
Summary

Hydrogen sulfide (H2S), a gas with signaling roles, is crucial in biomedical research. New fluorescent probes offer a sensitive method for detecting H2S in biological samples, overcoming current detection challenges.

Keywords:
FluorescenceFluorescent probeHydrogen sulfideImagingNucleophilic reaction

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Area of Science:

  • Biomedical research
  • Chemical biology
  • Analytical chemistry

Background:

  • Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is recognized for its signaling and cytoprotective functions, shifting from its toxic pollutant classification.
  • Research into H2S is expanding rapidly within the biomedical field.
  • Accurate detection of H2S in biological samples remains a significant challenge.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and present reaction-based fluorescent "turn-on" probes for sensitive H2S detection.
  • To provide an overview of the reactivity and properties of newly developed H2S probes.
  • To offer detailed experimental protocols for utilizing these fluorescent probes.

Main Methods:

  • Development of fluorescence "turn-on" probes based on the dual nucleophilicity of H2S.
  • Characterization of probe reactivity and properties.
  • Application of probes in biological sample analysis using fluorescence assays.

Main Results:

  • A series of novel reaction-based fluorescent probes specifically designed for H2S detection were synthesized.
  • These probes exhibit 'turn-on' fluorescence, enhancing signal-to-noise ratios for detection.
  • Detailed protocols demonstrate the utility and convenience of these probes in experimental settings.

Conclusions:

  • The developed fluorescent probes provide a sensitive and convenient tool for H2S detection in biological research.
  • These probes address the current challenges in H2S quantification in complex biological matrices.
  • The findings facilitate further investigation into the physiological and pathological roles of H2S.