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Mechanisms of Heat Transfer01:14

Mechanisms of Heat Transfer

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Heat transfer between the human body and its environment occurs through four main mechanisms: conduction, convection, radiation, and evaporation.
Conduction, accounting for approximately 3% of body heat loss at rest, is the process of exchanging heat between molecules of two materials in direct contact. This can result in both heat loss and gain. For instance, when the body is submerged in water, which conducts heat 20 times more effectively than air, it can either lose or gain significant...
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Understanding heat transfer mechanisms is essential for understanding how our bodies maintain balance in different environmental conditions. When the environment is thermoneutral, the body is in a state of balance, neither using nor releasing energy to maintain its core temperature. However, when the environment is not thermoneutral, the body employs four heat transfer mechanisms to maintain homeostasis: conduction, convection, evaporation, and radiation. These mechanisms facilitate heat...
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Mechanisms of Heat Transfer II01:20

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In convection, thermal energy is carried by the large-scale flow of matter. Ocean currents and large-scale atmospheric circulation, which result from the buoyancy of warm air and water, transfer hot air from the tropics toward the poles and cold air from the poles toward the tropics. The Earth’s rotation interacts with those flows, causing the observed eastward flow of air in the temperate zones. Convection dominates heat transfer by air, and the amount of available space for the airflow...
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Mechanisms of Heat Transfer I01:14

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Just as interesting as the effects of heat transfer on a system are the methods by which the heat transfer occur. Whenever there is a temperature difference, heat transfer occurs. It may occur rapidly, such as through a cooking pan, or slowly, such as through the walls of a picnic ice box. So many processes involve heat transfer that it is hard to imagine a situation where no heat transfer occurs. Yet, every heat transfer takes place by only three methods: conduction, convection, and radiation.
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A heat engine is a device used to extract heat from a source and then convert it into mechanical work used for various applications. For example, a steam engine on an old-style train can produce the work needed for driving the train.
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The work done by a thermodynamic system depends not only on the initial and final states but also on the intermediate states—that is, on the path. Like work, when heat is added to a thermodynamic system, it undergoes a change of state, and the state attained depends on the path from the initial state to the final state. Consider an ideal gas cylinder fitted with a piston. When the cylinder is heated at a constant temperature, the gas molecules absorb energy and expand slowly in a...
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Pool-Boiling Heat-Transfer Enhancement on Cylindrical Surfaces with Hybrid Wettable Patterns
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A novel compact heat exchanger using gap flow mechanism.

J S Liang1, Y Zhang1, D Z Wang2

  • 1Key Laboratory for Micro/Nano Technology and System of Liaoning Province, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116023, China.

The Review of Scientific Instruments
|March 2, 2015
PubMed
Summary

A novel compact gap-flow heat exchanger (GFHE) was developed for efficient thermal management. Optimized design with a 0.4 mm gap and 500 ml/min heat-transfer fluid flow achieves rapid temperature changes, meeting IEC standards for thermal fatigue testing.

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Area of Science:

  • Mechanical Engineering
  • Thermal Engineering
  • Materials Science

Background:

  • Compact heat exchangers are crucial for efficient thermal management in various applications.
  • Existing designs often face limitations in heat exchange capacity and size.
  • Novel heat exchanger designs are needed to meet increasing performance demands.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and characterize a novel compact gap-flow heat exchanger (GFHE).
  • To investigate the impact of gap width and heat-transfer fluid (HTF) flow rate on GFHE performance.
  • To validate the GFHE's capability for thermal fatigue testing.

Main Methods:

  • Detailed design of a coaxial GFHE structure with an annular gap passage.
  • Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations to analyze performance parameters.
  • Experimental evaluation using a testing loop to measure heating rates and temperature changes.

Main Results:

  • CFD simulations indicated that narrower gaps and higher HTF flow rates increase heating rates.
  • A 0.4 mm gap width was identified as optimal, balancing heating rate and pressure drop.
  • Experimental results showed a maximum heating rate of 18°C/min and average temperature change rates of 6.5°C/min (heating) and 5.4°C/min (cooling).

Conclusions:

  • The developed GFHE demonstrates significant heat exchange capacity.
  • The GFHE meets IEC 60068-2-14:2009 standards for thermal cycling.
  • The GFHE is suitable for use in compact desktop thermal fatigue test apparatus.