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Related Concept Videos

Higher Mental Functions of the Brain: Language01:10

Higher Mental Functions of the Brain: Language

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Language is a system of communication that allows the expression of thoughts, ideas, and feelings. The brain processes language in both hemispheres.
Language formation and comprehension take place in the dominant hemisphere. The dominant hemisphere is responsible for understanding the meaning of spoken, written, or sign language, as well as the ability to communicate. For most people, the left hemisphere is the dominant one. The right hemisphere, then, gives tone and emotional context to the...
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Auditory Pathway01:15

Auditory Pathway

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Auditory pathways constitute the complex neural circuits responsible for transmitting and interpreting auditory information from the peripheral auditory system to the brain. Sound waves are initially captured by the outer ear, funneled through the ear canal, and reach the tympanic membrane (eardrum). These vibrations are transmitted via the middle ear's ossicles to the inner ear's cochlea.
When viewed cross-sectionally, the cochlea reveals the scala vestibuli and scala tympani flanking...
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Direct Motor Pathways01:11

Direct Motor Pathways

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The direct motor pathways, also known as the pyramidal tracts, are a group of neural pathways that originate in the brain and descend through the spinal cord. They control the voluntary movement of the body. There are two major direct motor pathways: the corticospinal and the corticobulbar tracts.
The corticospinal tract is responsible for the voluntary movement of the limbs and trunk. It originates in the cerebral cortex of the brain and descends through the cerebrum's internal capsule and...
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Spinal Cord: Cross-sectional Anatomy01:16

Spinal Cord: Cross-sectional Anatomy

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The cross-sectional anatomy of the spinal cord offers a detailed view of its complex structure and function within the central nervous system. At the core of the spinal cord lies the gray matter, characterized by its butterfly or "H"-shaped appearance in cross-section. This central region is enveloped by white matter, with the overall structure divided into symmetrical halves by the dorsal median sulcus and the ventral median fissure.
Gray Matter and its Components
Central to the gray matter is...
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Overview of Somatic Sensory Pathways01:29

Overview of Somatic Sensory Pathways

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Somatic sensory or somatosensory pathways refer to the neural pathways that carry information related to touch, pressure, pain, temperature, and proprioception from the skin, muscles, tendons, and joints to the brain. These pathways involve several stages of processing and integration of sensory information.
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The dorsal...
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Major Somatic Sensory Pathways01:28

Major Somatic Sensory Pathways

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Sensory impulses related to touch, pressure, vibration, and proprioception from various body parts, such as the limbs, trunk, neck, and posterior head, travel to the cerebral cortex through the posterior column-medial lemniscus pathway. The pathway’s name derives from the two white-matter tracts that convey the impulses: the spinal cord's posterior column and the brainstem's medial lemniscus. First-order sensory neurons extend their axons into the spinal cord, forming the...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 16, 2026

Fiber Connections of the Supplementary Motor Area Revisited: Methodology of Fiber Dissection, DTI, and Three Dimensional Documentation
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Fiber Connections of the Supplementary Motor Area Revisited: Methodology of Fiber Dissection, DTI, and Three Dimensional Documentation

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White-matter pathways for speech and language processing.

Angela D Friederici1

  • 1Department of Neuropsychology, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany.

Handbook of Clinical Neurology
|March 2, 2015
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The brain

Keywords:
Dorsal pathwaycomplex syntaxsemantic processessensory-to-motor mappingventral pathway

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Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation tDCS of Wernicke's and Broca's Areas in Studies of Language Learning and Word Acquisition
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Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation tDCS of Wernicke's and Broca's Areas in Studies of Language Learning and Word Acquisition

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Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation tDCS of Wernicke's and Broca's Areas in Studies of Language Learning and Word Acquisition
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Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation tDCS of Wernicke's and Broca's Areas in Studies of Language Learning and Word Acquisition

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Cognitive Neuroscience
  • Neuroanatomy

Background:

  • Language processing relies on interconnected brain regions, specifically Brodmann's area (inferior frontal cortex) and Wernicke's area (superior temporal cortex).
  • These regions are linked by complex fiber tracts situated dorsally and ventrally to the sylvian fissure.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To delineate the specific dorsal and ventral fiber tracts connecting frontal and temporal language areas.
  • To associate distinct fiber tracts with specific language functions, including syntax, semantics, and combinatorial processing.

Main Methods:

  • Identification and characterization of long-range fiber bundles connecting language-relevant cortical regions.
  • Differentiation of dorsal and ventral pathways based on termination regions and associated language functions.

Main Results:

  • Two dorsal tracts connect posterior temporal cortex to frontal cortex: one for sensory-motor mapping (premotor cortex) and one for complex syntax (posterior Broca's area).
  • Two ventral tracts are identified: one linking inferior frontal cortex to Wernicke's area for semantics, and another connecting ventral frontal cortex to anterior temporal cortex for combinatorial processes.

Conclusions:

  • Distinct dorsal and ventral fiber tracts support specific aspects of language processing within the neural language network.
  • These pathways are crucial for information transmission between diverse brain regions involved in language comprehension and production.