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Related Concept Videos

Urinary Tract Infection II: Pathophysiology01:25

Urinary Tract Infection II: Pathophysiology

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The pathophysiology of urinary tract infections (UTIs) encompasses several progressive stages, beginning with bacterial colonization and culminating in potential systemic complications if untreated. UTIs are primarily initiated by bacteria, such as Escherichia coli, which often originate from the gastrointestinal tract and migrate to the urinary system through the periurethral area. This migration can occur via several routes, including improper hygiene practices, sexual activity, or...
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Microbiota of the Urogenital Tract01:28

Microbiota of the Urogenital Tract

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The human urogenital system, once thought to be sterile in healthy individuals, is now recognized as a complex microbial habitat. Advancements in molecular sequencing techniques have revealed that even in healthy adults, the kidneys and bladder harbor microbial populations similar to those found in the distal urethra, albeit in much lower abundance. These resident microorganisms, while generally innocuous, can become opportunistic pathogens under conditions that alter the urogenital...
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Urinary Tract Infection III: Diagnostic Studies and Interprofessional Care01:30

Urinary Tract Infection III: Diagnostic Studies and Interprofessional Care

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A healthcare provider can diagnose a urinary tract infection (UTI) through several methods:Medical History and Symptoms: The provider will take a detailed medical history and ask about symptoms such as frequent urination, burning sensation during urination, and lower abdominal pain.Urinalysis: A clean-catch urine sample is collected in a sterile container and tested for the presence of bacteria, white blood cells (leukocytes), nitrites, blood, and protein. The presence of leukocytes and...
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Urinary Tract Infection I: Introduction01:26

Urinary Tract Infection I: Introduction

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Urinary tract infections (UTIs) impact various parts of the urinary system, including the kidneys, ureters, bladder, and urethra. These infections are generally bacterial, with Escherichia coli being the most common causative agent, often originating from the gastrointestinal tract. However, other bacteria, such as Staphylococcus saprophyticus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Proteus mirabilis, are also known to cause UTIs. The type, location, and underlying complexity of the UTI guide both...
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Urine Studies II: Urine Culture and Sensitivity Test01:26

Urine Studies II: Urine Culture and Sensitivity Test

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A urine culture and sensitivity test is a diagnostic procedure used to identify urinary tract bacterial infections and determine the most effective antibiotics for treatment. This test is generally preferred when a patient shows manifestations of a urinary tract infection, such as frequent or painful urination, cloudy or foul-smelling urine, or lower abdominal pain.Purpose of the TestThe primary goals of a urine culture and sensitivity test are to:Determine the specific bacteria causing the...
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Urinary Tract Calculi II: Pathophysiology and Clinical Manifestations01:26

Urinary Tract Calculi II: Pathophysiology and Clinical Manifestations

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Renal calculi, commonly termed kidney stones, are crystalline solid masses that form in the kidneys but can occur at any point within the urinary system, encompassing the kidneys, ureters, bladder, and urethra.The pathophysiology of renal stones involves several key factors: supersaturation of the urine with stone-forming constituents, changes in urine pH, a decrease in urine volume, and the presence of substances that promote or inhibit stone formation.Supersaturation of Urine: This is the...
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[Antibioprophylaxis failure with BCG therapy for bladder neoplasia].

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 16, 2026

Isolation of Single Intracellular Bacterial Communities Generated from a Murine Model of Urinary Tract Infection for Downstream Single-cell Analysis
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Isolation of Single Intracellular Bacterial Communities Generated from a Murine Model of Urinary Tract Infection for Downstream Single-cell Analysis

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[Emerging uropathogens: Point for urologists and biologists].

C Le Brun1, S Robert1, F Bruyere2

  • 1Laboratoire de bactériologie-virologie, hôpital Bretonneau, CHRU de Tours, 2, boulevard Tonnelé, 37044 Tours cedex, France.

Progres En Urologie : Journal De L'Association Francaise D'Urologie Et De La Societe Francaise D'Urologie
|March 3, 2015
PubMed
Summary

New molecular techniques identify rare bacteria causing urinary tract infections, particularly in elderly patients. Clinicians should be aware of Aerococcus, Actinobaculum, Alloscardovia, and Trueperella to improve diagnosis and treatment.

Keywords:
ActinobaculumAerococcusAlloscardoviaTrueperellaUropathogenUropathogène

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Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Diagnostic Technology

Context:

  • Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are common, but novel bacterial agents are emerging.
  • Advances in Matrix Assisted Laser Desorption Ionisation-Time of Flight (MALDI-TOF) and molecular methods enhance bacterial identification.

Purpose:

  • To review emerging bacterial pathogens involved in UTIs.
  • To increase clinician awareness of less common uropathogens like Actinobaculum, Alloscardovia, and Trueperella.
  • To guide the identification of specific patient populations at risk.

Summary:

  • Bibliographic research identified Aerococcus, Actinobaculum, Alloscardovia, and Trueperella as UTI-related bacteria.
  • Aerococcus and Actinobaculum schaalii are confirmed uropathogens.
  • Actinobaculum, Alloscardovia, and Trueperella are rarely isolated and often overlooked, especially in elderly patients with risk factors.

Impact:

  • Improved recognition of underdiagnosed UTIs.
  • Potential for targeted diagnostic approaches in at-risk populations.
  • Highlights the need for further research into the role of Trueperella and Alloscardovia in urinary infections.