[Extensively drug resistant tuberculosis in Ivory Coast]

The emergence of tuberculosis with ultraresistant bacilli (TB-UR or XDR-TB) came to increase the threat concerning the progress realized in tuberculosis control. This observation establishes the only case of XDR-TB documented and published since the beginning of pharmacoresistant tuberculosis management in Ivory Coast from 2000 till 2010. This case was diagnosed in 2005 at a HIV-negative 32-year-old woman, initially declared MDR-TB. Looking forward to a treatment of category IV, she was treated by therapeutic truncated protocols recombining antituberculous molecules to which the patient was still sensitive. This treatment (PAS, cycloserin, ciprofoxacin, ethionamid, ethambutol and kanamycin) was introduced after 9 months of waiting and was completely led in ambulatory under the supervision of a member of the family. The diagnosis of XDR-TB concerned new tests of sensibility spread to second line antituberculous drugs in front of the absence of spits negativation at the end of 14 months of a second line treatment marked by frequent stock shortages. The death arose at M19 of treatment by chronic heart pulmonary.

XDR-TB remains dark prognosis and is almost synonymic of "death sentence" in our countries with limited resources. The application of the international recommendations for tuberculosis management and better accessibility to antituberculous second line drugs would allow to prevent the appearance of such forms of tuberculosis.