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Updated: Apr 16, 2026

FISH for Pre-implantation Genetic Diagnosis
Published on: February 23, 2011
Genetic Counseling in Portugal: Education, Practice and a Developing Profession
Milena Paneque1, Álvaro Mendes, Jorge Saraiva
1I3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal, panequita@yahoo.es.
Abstract:
Portugal is one of the European countries where genetic counseling is emerging as an independent clinical and scientific field, paralleling the international expansion of this profession. Important steps have been consistently made towards establishing safe and ethical genetic counseling, delivered by adequately trained professionals. In 1998, Clinical Genetics was recognized in Portugal as a medical specialty. Eleven years later, the first generation of Portuguese (non MD) genetic counselors started a master level training programme at the University of Porto.
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