Intra-observer reliability for measuring first and second toe and metatarsal protrusion distance using...

Area of Science:

• Orthopedics
• Podiatry
• Biomechanics

Background:

• Foot structure, including metatarsal and toe length, is assessed via X-rays, osteology, or palpation.
• Length discrepancies in the first and second metatarsals and toes may correlate with foot pathologies.
• This study evaluated the consistency of three palpation-based tests for measuring these foot dimensions.

Purpose of the Study:

• To determine the intra-rater reliability of three palpation-based tests for measuring first and second metatarsal and toe protrusion.
• To assess the clinical utility of these palpation tests in identifying potential foot problems.

Main Methods:

• A test-retest design was employed with 202 physical therapy students and teachers.
• Three distinct palpation tests were used to measure metatarsal and toe protrusion.
• Intraclass Correlation Coefficient (ICC), Standard Error of Mean (SEM), and Minimal Detectable Change (MDC) were calculated to assess reliability.

Main Results:

• All three palpation tests demonstrated high intra-rater reliability, with ICC values ranging from 0.86 to 0.97.
• The Standard Error of Mean (SEM) values were low (0.07-0.11), indicating precise measurements.
• Minimal Detectable Change (MDC) values (0.21-0.31) suggest these tests can detect clinically meaningful differences.

Conclusions:

• The three palpation-based tests exhibit a high degree of reliability for measuring first and second metatarsal and toe protrusion.
• These findings support the use of these palpation tests as a dependable clinical tool for foot assessments.