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Updated: Apr 16, 2026

Assessment and Evaluation of the High Risk Neonate: The NICU Network Neurobehavioral Scale

Assessment and Evaluation of the High Risk Neonate: The NICU Network Neurobehavioral Scale

Published on: August 25, 2014

Need for neonatal screening program in India: A national priority.

Neha Sareen¹, Ritu Pradhan²

¹Department of Human Nutriion, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India.

Indian Journal of Endocrinology and Metabolism

|March 3, 2015

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Iodine deficiency (ID) is widespread in India, affecting 286 of 342 districts and impacting children and pregnant women. Neonatal screening is recommended to prevent cognitive impairments associated with iodine deficiency.

Area of Science:

Public Health
Endocrinology
Nutrition

Background:

Iodine deficiency (ID) is a significant public health concern in India, with 286 out of 342 surveyed districts identified as endemic.
Studies indicate poor iodine nutritional status in school-age children (SAC), adolescent girls, pregnant mothers (PMs), and neonates across India.

Purpose of the Study:

To review the current status of iodine deficiency in India.
To recommend the implementation of a neonatal screening program for iodine deficiency to ensure optimal child development.

Main Methods:

Review of existing research studies on iodine status in various population groups in India.
Analysis of key indicators such as total goiter rate and median urinary iodine concentration in SAC and PMs.
Assessment of thyroid-stimulating hormone levels in neonates.

Keywords:

Iodine deficiency neonatal hypothyroidism neonates

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Assessment and Evaluation of the High Risk Neonate: The NICU Network Neurobehavioral Scale

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State of the Art Cranial Ultrasound Imaging in Neonates

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Main Results:

High prevalence of iodine deficiency indicated by total goiter rates >5% and median urinary iodine concentrations below WHO-recommended cutoffs (<100 μg/l for SAC, <150 μg/l for PMs).
Elevated thyroid-stimulating hormone levels observed in neonates, suggesting impaired thyroid function due to iodine deficiency.
Iodine deficiency's impact on mental development often remains undetected.

Conclusions:

Iodine deficiency poses a substantial risk to cognitive development in the Indian population.
Implementing a nationwide neonatal screening program for iodine deficiency is crucial to mitigate its long-term effects.
Early detection and intervention through neonatal screening can safeguard children's mental development.