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Optical characterization of normal, benign, and malignant thyroid tissue: a pilot study.

M P Brandao1, R Iwakura, F S Basilio

  • 1Departamento de Física, Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Bandeirantes 3900, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil, 14040-901, mpbrandao@gmail.com.

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|March 4, 2015
PubMed
Summary

Time-resolved fluorescence measurements show distinct differences in fluorescence lifetimes between benign and malignant thyroid lesions. This novel technique could aid surgeons in real-time diagnosis during procedures.

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Area of Science:

  • Biomedical Optics
  • Medical Diagnostics
  • Endocrinology

Background:

  • Fine-needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) is standard for thyroid pathology diagnosis but has limitations.
  • FNAC yields inconclusive and false-negative results for both benign and malignant thyroid lesions.
  • Improved methods are needed for accurate intraoperative assessment of thyroid tissue.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate time-resolved fluorescence spectroscopy as a potential diagnostic tool for thyroid pathologies.
  • To differentiate between benign and malignant thyroid lesions using fluorescence properties.
  • To explore a minimally invasive, non-destructive method for intraoperative thyroid evaluation.

Main Methods:

  • Acquisition of absorbance, fluorescence, excitation, and time-resolved fluorescence data from 17 human thyroid samples.
  • Analysis of endogenous fluorophores and fluorescence emission bands.
  • Statistical analysis (ANOVA with Tukey test) of fluorescence lifetimes for benign and malignant tissues.

Main Results:

  • Thyroid tissue exhibits fluorescence originating from multiple endogenous fluorophores, resulting in several emission bands.
  • Significant differences in fluorescence lifetimes were observed between benign and malignant thyroid lesions (p < 0.05).
  • The Tukey test confirmed these differences with a high confidence level (98.06%).

Conclusions:

  • Fluorescence lifetimes of thyroid tissues show potential as a biomarker for distinguishing benign from malignant lesions.
  • Time-resolved fluorescence spectroscopy offers a promising non-destructive method for intraoperative thyroid diagnosis.
  • Further research may establish fluorescence techniques as a valuable tool for surgeons in identifying thyroid abnormalities.