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Related Concept Videos

Hepatitis01:25

Hepatitis

63
Hepatitis is an inflammatory condition of the liver most commonly caused by hepatotropic viruses (A–E), though non-infectious causes such as alcohol and drugs also exist.Hepatitis AHepatitis A virus (HAV) is a non-enveloped RNA virus of the Picornaviridae family. It is primarily transmitted via the fecal-oral route, typically through ingestion of contaminated food or water. After ingestion, HAV enters the bloodstream through the oropharynx or intestinal epithelium and reaches the liver.
63
Standard Precaution01:26

Standard Precaution

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Standard precautions are the minimum infection control safeguards used while caring for all patients, irrespective of their disease condition. They help prevent the spread of common infectious microorganisms to healthcare workers, patients, and visitors in all healthcare settings.
Hand hygiene is the most crucial means to prevent the transmission of disease. Employers are legally required to provide their workers with personal protective equipment (PPE) to minimize exposure or contact with...
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Transmission-based Precautions I: Contact, Enteric, and Droplets01:17

Transmission-based Precautions I: Contact, Enteric, and Droplets

5.1K
Transmission-based precautions are for patients known to be infected or suspected to be infected or colonized with organisms that pose a significant risk to others. Some transmission-based precautions include contact, enteric, and droplet.
Contact Precautions:
Contact precautions are the measures taken to prevent the transmission of infectious agents, especially epidemiologically important microorganisms such as MRSA or influenza, primarily transmitted through direct or indirect contact with an...
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Healthcare Associated Infections II: Preventive Measures01:22

Healthcare Associated Infections II: Preventive Measures

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Essential infection prevention measures are based on the knowledge of the infection chain, the modes of transmission in healthcare settings, and the use of the best practices in all healthcare settings. Compulsory public reporting of healthcare-associated infection rates is needed to allow individuals and the community to make informed choices regarding selecting a healthcare facility.
The best practices for preventing healthcare-associated infections include hand hygiene, patient risk...
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Transmission-based Precautions II: Airborne and Protective Environment01:25

Transmission-based Precautions II: Airborne and Protective Environment

2.2K
Transmission-based precautions are for patients infected or suspected to be infected (or colonized) with organisms posing a significant risk to others. The transmission precautions include airborne and protective environment precautions.
Airborne precautions:
Use airborne precautions when treating patients known or suspected to have diseases that spread through the air—for example, tuberculosis or measles. These organisms are present in smaller droplets expelled by an infected person and...
2.2K
Preventive Healthcare Services01:30

Preventive Healthcare Services

2.3K
Preventive healthcare services keep people healthy via frequent check-ups, screening, and counseling. They primarily aid in disease prevention rather than treating an acute or chronic illness. Preventive treatment also keeps individuals productive and energetic, allowing them to work well into their retirement years. Examples of preventive care services include:
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 16, 2026

A Competent Hepatocyte Model Examining Hepatitis B Virus Entry through Sodium Taurocholate Cotransporting Polypeptide as a Therapeutic Target
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A Competent Hepatocyte Model Examining Hepatitis B Virus Entry through Sodium Taurocholate Cotransporting Polypeptide as a Therapeutic Target

Published on: May 10, 2022

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Prevention of hepatitis B.

Mei-Hwei Chang1, Ding-Shinn Chen2

  • 1Department of Pediatrics, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei 10016, Taiwan Hepatitis Research Center, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei 10016, Taiwan.

Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Medicine
|March 4, 2015
PubMed
Summary

Hepatitis B immunization, including the vaccine and immunoglobulin, is highly effective (90%-95%) in preventing chronic Hepatitis B virus infection and liver cancer. Continued efforts are needed to improve global vaccine coverage and prevent vaccine failure.

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Development of a Hepatitis B Virus Reporter System to Monitor the Early Stages of the Replication Cycle
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A Competent Hepatocyte Model Examining Hepatitis B Virus Entry through Sodium Taurocholate Cotransporting Polypeptide as a Therapeutic Target
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Development of a Hepatitis B Virus Reporter System to Monitor the Early Stages of the Replication Cycle
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Stem Cell-Derived Viral Ag-Specific T Lymphocytes Suppress HBV Replication in Mice

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Area of Science:

  • Hepatology
  • Immunology
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection leads to severe liver disease and is a major global health concern.
  • Mother-to-infant transmission is a primary route of HBV spread in endemic regions.
  • Immunization is the most effective strategy for HBV prevention and disease elimination.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the efficacy and impact of Hepatitis B immunization strategies.
  • To highlight the role of HBV vaccine and hepatitis B immunoglobulin (HBIG) in preventing HBV infection.
  • To discuss the vaccine's role in preventing hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on HBV transmission, immunization, and vaccine efficacy.
  • Analysis of data on the effectiveness of active (vaccine) and passive (HBIG) immunization.
  • Evaluation of the impact of universal HBV immunization on chronic infection and HCC rates.

Main Results:

  • Universal HBV immunization demonstrates 90%-95% effectiveness in preventing chronic HBV infection.
  • The HBV vaccine is the first cancer-preventive vaccine, showing approximately 70% efficacy against HCC.
  • Combined active and passive immunization offers the highest efficacy in preventing HBV infection.

Conclusions:

  • Hepatitis B immunization is a cornerstone in controlling HBV-related diseases and liver cancer.
  • Achieving higher global vaccine coverage and addressing vaccine failure are critical for HBV elimination.
  • The HBV vaccine represents a significant advancement in preventive medicine and cancer control.