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Related Concept Videos

Next-generation Sequencing03:00

Next-generation Sequencing

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The first human genome sequencing project cost $2.7 billion and was declared complete in 2003, after 15 years of international cooperation and collaboration between several research teams and funding agencies. Today, with the advent of next-generation sequencing technologies, the cost and time of sequencing a human genome have dropped over 100 fold.
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Sanger Sequencing01:57

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DNA sequencing is a fundamental technique that is routinely used in the biological sciences. This method can be applied to a range of questions at different scales - from the sequencing of a cloned DNA fragment or the study of a mutation in a gene up to whole-genome sequencing. However, despite the widespread use of sequencing today, it was not until 1977 that Fredrick Sanger and his collaborators developed the chain-termination method to decode DNA sequences. It relies on the separation of a...
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Maxam-Gilbert Sequencing01:05

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In the same year as the discovery of the Sanger sequencing method, another group of scientists, Allan Maxam and Walter Gilbert, demonstrated their chemical-cleavage method for DNA sequencing. The Maxam-Gilbert method relies on using different chemicals that can cleave the DNA sequence at specific sites, the separation of resulting DNA fragments of variable size using electrophoresis, and deciphering the DNA sequence from the resulting gel bands.
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Genomics02:02

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Genomics is the science of genomes: it is the study of all the genetic material of an organism. In humans, the genome consists of information carried in 23 pairs of chromosomes in the nucleus, as well as mitochondrial DNA. In genomics, both coding and non-coding DNA is sequenced and analyzed. Genomics allows a better understanding of all living things, their evolution, and their diversity. It has a myriad of uses: for example, to build phylogenetic trees, to improve productivity and...
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RNA-seq03:21

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RNA sequencing, or RNA-Seq, is a high-throughput sequencing technology used to study the transcriptome of a cell. Transcriptomics helps to interpret the functional elements of a genome and identify the molecular constituents of an organism. Additionally, it also helps in understanding the development of an organism and the occurrence of diseases. 
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Advancements in molecular biology have revolutionized the identification and characterization of bacteria, with multiple methods leveraging DNA sequencing for enhanced precision. As sequencing technologies improve and costs decline, these approaches are increasingly used in clinical, environmental, and evolutionary studies.Multilocus Sequence Typing (MLST) examines several housekeeping genes, essential chromosomal genes encoding cellular functions, to distinguish strains. Approximately...
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Targeted Next-generation Sequencing and Bioinformatics Pipeline to Evaluate Genetic Determinants of Constitutional Disease
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Fighting an old disease with next-generation sequencing.

Anzaan Dippenaar1, Robin M Warren2

  • 1DST/NRF Centre of Excellence for Biomedical Tuberculosis Research, SAMRC Centre for TB Research and the Division of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa.

Elife
|March 4, 2015
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Whole genome sequencing identified a dominant lineage of Mycobacterium tuberculosis responsible for most tuberculosis cases in Malawi. This finding highlights the importance of understanding bacterial lineage dynamics in high-incidence tuberculosis settings.

Keywords:
Malawiepidemiologyglobal healthtransmissiontuberculosis

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Area of Science:

  • Genomics
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Epidemiology

Background:

  • Tuberculosis (TB) remains a significant global health challenge, particularly in high-incidence regions.
  • Understanding the genetic diversity and transmission patterns of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M.tb) is crucial for effective control strategies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the genetic diversity of Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates in Malawi, a high-incidence setting.
  • To identify dominant bacterial lineages driving tuberculosis transmission within this population.

Main Methods:

  • Whole genome sequencing (WGS) was employed to analyze the genetic makeup of M.tb isolates.
  • Phylogenetic analysis was used to determine the relationships between different bacterial strains and identify lineages.

Main Results:

  • The study revealed that a single dominant lineage of M.tb was responsible for the majority of tuberculosis cases analyzed.
  • This finding suggests a limited number of successful M.tb strains may be driving the epidemic in this region.

Conclusions:

  • The predominance of a single M.tb lineage in Malawi has significant implications for targeted interventions and public health strategies.
  • Further research into the factors contributing to the success of this lineage is warranted to inform TB control efforts.