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Mediterranean diet and cognitive function: the SUN project.

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  • 1Cecilia Galbete, PhD, Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, School of Medicine, University of Navarra and University of Navarra Clinic, Pamplona, Spain, C/ Irunlarrea nº 1, Pamplona, Navarra, E-31008, Spain, Tel.: +34 948 425 600, ext. 6463, Fax: +34 948 425 740,

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Adhering to the Mediterranean Diet (MedDiet) may support cognitive function. Lower adherence was linked to faster cognitive decline in a Spanish cohort study, though differences were small.

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Area of Science:

  • Nutrition Science
  • Neuroscience
  • Epidemiology

Background:

  • Cognitive decline is a growing public health concern.
  • Dietary patterns, such as the Mediterranean Diet (MedDiet), are being investigated for their potential role in maintaining cognitive health.
  • Understanding the long-term effects of dietary adherence on cognition is crucial for preventative strategies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the association between adherence to the Mediterranean Diet (MedDiet) and cognitive function.
  • To assess cognitive decline over time in relation to baseline MedDiet adherence.
  • To analyze data from a prospective cohort of 823 Spanish adults.

Main Methods:

  • A validated 136-item food frequency questionnaire assessed baseline MedDiet adherence.
  • The 10-point MedDiet Score categorized adherence levels.
  • Cognitive function was measured twice using the Telephone Interview of Cognitive Status-modified (TICS-m) over a mean follow-up of 6-8 years.
  • ANCOVA models analyzed the association between MedDiet adherence and cognitive decline.

Main Results:

  • In multivariable-adjusted analyses, lower baseline MedDiet adherence was associated with greater cognitive decline over 2 years.
  • Participants with low or moderate adherence showed a larger decline (-0.56 points in TICS-m) compared to those with better adherence.
  • The 95% confidence interval for the difference was -0.99 to -0.13.

Conclusions:

  • Higher adherence to the Mediterranean Diet may be linked to better cognitive function.
  • The observed effect size was small, suggesting a modest association.
  • Further research is warranted to confirm these findings and explore the mechanisms involved.