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Related Concept Videos

The Pituitary Gland01:17

The Pituitary Gland

16.8K
The pituitary is a small endocrine organ in the sphenoid bone under the hypothalamus. Primarily, the pituitary in adults has two distinct anatomical and functional regions— the anterior and posterior lobes. During human fetal development, a third pituitary gland region called the pars intermedia atrophies and disappears. However, some of its cells migrate and exist adjacent to the anterior pituitary in adults.
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Hormones of the Pituitary Gland01:27

Hormones of the Pituitary Gland

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The small, pea-sized pituitary gland is located at the base of the brain. It is crucial in regulating various bodily functions, from growth to reproduction. The gland is divided into the anterior lobe and the posterior lobe. The secretory cell clusters in the pars distalis of the anterior pituitary lobe are controlled by hypothalamic regulators and synthesize six primary hormones.
The most abundantly secreted hormone from the anterior lobe is the growth hormone, which controls overall growth by...
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Major Hormones and Their Functions01:27

Major Hormones and Their Functions

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Hormones, the biochemical messengers produced by endocrine glands, are pivotal in regulating bodily functions and maintaining homeostasis. Each hormone's balance is crucial; imbalances can lead to significant physiological disruptions. Major hormones include oxytocin, cortisol, epinephrine, estrogen, testosterone, thyroxine, growth hormone, insulin, and glucagon.
Oxytocin, produced in the hypothalamus and released by the pituitary gland, plays a role in social bonding, childbirth, and...
3.5K
The Parathyroid Glands00:59

The Parathyroid Glands

6.2K
The two pairs of parathyroid glands embedded within the posterior surface of the thyroid gland are restricted by a dense capsule around them. These glands comprise two distinct cell populations—parathyroid oxyphil and parathyroid principal cells- pivotal in calcium homeostasis.
Oxyphil cells, whose functions remain elusive, emerge during late puberty, adding a layer of complexity to the parathyroid gland's intricacies. In contrast, principal parathyroid cells undertake a vital role by...
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Hypothalamic-Pituitary Axis01:37

Hypothalamic-Pituitary Axis

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The response to stress—be it physical or psychological, acute or chronic—involves activation of the Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal (HPA) axis. The HPA axis is part of the neuroendocrine system because it involves both neuronal and hormonal communication. Its function is to regulate homeostatic systems—metabolic, cardiovascular, and immune—providing the necessary means to respond to a stressor.
71.2K

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 16, 2026

Endoscopic Endonasal Trans-sphenoidal Approach: Minimally Invasive Surgery for Pituitary Adenomas
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Endoscopic Endonasal Trans-sphenoidal Approach: Minimally Invasive Surgery for Pituitary Adenomas

Published on: January 17, 2018

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Silent pituitary adenomas.

Sarah E Mayson1, Peter J Snyder2

  • 1Division of Endocrinology, The Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, 900 Warren Avenue, Suite 300, East Providence, RI 02914, USA.

Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinics of North America
|March 4, 2015
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Silent pituitary adenomas are often undetected. Treatment strategies for these tumors, including surgery and radiation, depend on size and neurological impact.

Keywords:
Clinically silent pituitary adenomaNonfunctioning pituitary adenomaSilent pituitary adenoma

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Two-dimensional Gel Electrophoresis Coupled with Mass Spectrometry Methods for an Analysis of Human Pituitary Adenoma Tissue Proteome
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Endoscopic Endonasal Trans-sphenoidal Approach: Minimally Invasive Surgery for Pituitary Adenomas
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Two-dimensional Gel Electrophoresis Coupled with Mass Spectrometry Methods for an Analysis of Human Pituitary Adenoma Tissue Proteome
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Two-dimensional Gel Electrophoresis Coupled with Mass Spectrometry Methods for an Analysis of Human Pituitary Adenoma Tissue Proteome

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Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology
  • Neurosurgery
  • Oncology

Background:

  • Pituitary adenomas are common tumors, frequently presenting without overt symptoms.
  • Silent pituitary adenomas are a subset that do not cause clinical hormonal excess.
  • These tumors can be further classified into clinically silent (hormone hypersecretion) and totally silent (no hormonal or clinical signs).

Purpose of the Study:

  • To outline the diagnostic and therapeutic approaches for silent pituitary adenomas.
  • To differentiate between subtypes of silent adenomas based on detection methods.
  • To guide treatment decisions based on tumor characteristics and patient presentation.

Main Methods:

  • Review of clinical presentation and diagnostic criteria for silent pituitary adenomas.
  • Analysis of treatment modalities including surgery, radiation therapy, and medical management.
  • Correlation of treatment outcomes with tumor size, extent, and neurological compromise.

Main Results:

  • Silent pituitary adenomas require management based on size and local effects.
  • Surgical intervention is indicated for adenomas causing neurological compromise.
  • Adjuvant therapies like radiation may be used postoperatively; medical treatments have limited efficacy.

Conclusions:

  • Silent pituitary adenomas necessitate individualized treatment plans.
  • Surgery remains the primary modality for symptomatic or neurologically compromising lesions.
  • Pharmacological treatments with dopamine agonists or somatostatin analogs are effective only in select cases.