Implication of nanofibers in oral drug delivery

Nanofibers has gained significant prominence in recent years due to its wide applications in medicinal pharmacy, textile, tissue engineering and in various drug delivery system. In oral drug delivery system (DDS), nanofibers can be delivered as Nanofiber scaffolds, electrosponge nanofibers as oral fast delivery system, multilayered nanofiber loaded mashes, surface modified cross-linked electrospun nanofibers. Nanofibers are of 50- 1000 nm size fibres having large surface area, high porosity, small pore size, low density. Various approaches for formulation of nanofibers are molecular assembly, thermally induced phase separation, electrospining. Most commonly used by using electrospining polymer nanofibres with different range can be produced collective usage of electro spinning with pharmaceutical polymers offers novel tactics for developing drug delivery system (DDS). Different polymers used in preparation of nanofibers include biodegradable hydrophilic polymers, hydrophobic polymers and amphiphilic polymers. Electrospun nanofibers are often used to load insoluble drugs for enhancing their dissolution properties due to their high surface area per unit mass. Besides the water insoluble drugs freely water soluble sodium can also spun into the fibers. The most commonly polymers used for nanofibers are gelatin, dextran, nylon, polystyrene, polyacrylonitrile, polycarbonate, polyimides, poly vinyl alchol, polybenzimidazole. Delivery systems reviewed rely on temporal control, changes in pH along the GIT, the action of local enzymes to trigger drug release, and changes in intraluminal pressure. Dissolution of enteric polymer coatings due to a change in local pH and reduction of azo-bonds to release an active agent are both used in commercially marketed products. In vitro and in vivo studies have demonstrated that the release rates of drugs from these nanofiber formulations are enhanced compared to those from original drug substance. This review is focused on the different type of polymers used, different used in the preparation of nanofibers, cytotoxicity studies and application of nanofiber by using oral drug delivery.