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Related Concept Videos

Sympathetic Activation01:16

Sympathetic Activation

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The sympathetic division can influence tissues and organs by releasing norepinephrine at peripheral synapses and distributing epinephrine and norepinephrine through the bloodstream. In times of crisis or stress, sympathetic activation occurs, which is regulated by sympathetic centers in the hypothalamus. As a result, sympathetic activation prepares the body for physical exertion, rapid ATP production, and heightened alertness, allowing individuals to respond effectively to challenging or...
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Parasympathetic Division of the ANS01:08

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The parasympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system (ANS) regulates rest and digestion functions in the body. It works in opposition to the sympathetic division, promoting relaxation, conservation of energy, and digestion. The parasympathetic division consists of preganglionic fibers originating from specific cranial nerves (III, VII, IX, X) and the sacral spinal nerves (S2-S4). These fibers synapse with postganglionic neurons in the terminal ganglia, innervating various organs and...
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Sympathetic Signaling01:31

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Sympathetic signaling, a vital part of the autonomic nervous system, plays a crucial role in mobilizing the body's resources in response to stress or emergencies. It involves the transmission of nerve impulses from sympathetic preganglionic fibers to postganglionic fibers. This results in the release of specific neurotransmitters and activation of adrenergic receptors.
Sympathetic preganglionic fibers release the neurotransmitter acetylcholine (ACh) onto the ganglionic neurons in the...
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Sympathetic Pathways: Collateral Ganglia and Adrenal Medulla01:27

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The sympathetic pathways of the collateral ganglia and adrenal medulla serve unique but interconnected roles in the sympathetic response.
Collateral Ganglia
Sympathetic preganglionic axons reach the collateral ganglia along the route of splanchnic nerves. These nerves bypass the sympathetic trunk and communicate with sympathetic postganglionic neurons housed in the prevertebral ganglia. These ganglia supply the organs of the abdominopelvic cavity.
The greater splanchnic nerve, formed by the...
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Nerve Supply of the GI Tract01:27

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The neuronal supply to the gastrointestinal (GI) tract is essential for regulating various functions, including digestion, absorption, and movement of food. This intricate network of nerves is known as the enteric nervous system (ENS), often referred to as the "second brain" of the body.
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Drugs Affecting GI Tract Motility: Serotonin Receptor Agonists01:23

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Serotonin, a crucial neurotransmitter synthesized by enterochromaffin cells, plays a cardinal role in regulating gastrointestinal (GI) motility. With over 90% of the body's total serotonin in the GI tract, its influence on digestive processes is profound. Serotonin is swiftly released upon various stimuli, such as food boluses or certain drugs, triggering intrinsic sensory neurons in the myenteric plexus and extrinsic vagal and spinal sensory neurons. This leads to the activation of the...
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Quantifying Acute Changes in Renal Sympathetic Nerve Activity in Response to Central Nervous System Manipulations in Anesthetized Rats
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5-Hydroxytryptamine does not reduce sympathetic nerve activity or neuroeffector function in the splanchnic

Emma S Darios1, Susan M Barman1, Hakan S Orer2

  • 1Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan USA.

European Journal of Pharmacology
|March 4, 2015
PubMed
Summary

Infusion of 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) causes a prolonged drop in blood pressure and increased splanchnic blood flow. This study found 5-HT does not directly interact with the splanchnic sympathetic nervous system to cause hypotension.

Keywords:
5-HTBlood pressureSympathetic nerve activity

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Area of Science:

  • Cardiovascular Physiology
  • Neuropharmacology
  • Autonomic Nervous System Regulation

Background:

  • 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) infusion in rats causes sustained hypotension and increased splanchnic blood flow.
  • The splanchnic circulation is regulated by the sympathetic nervous system, suggesting a potential interaction with 5-HT.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate if 5-HT directly reduces sympathetic nerve activity in the splanchnic region.
  • To determine if 5-HT inhibits sympathetic neuroeffector function in splanchnic blood vessels.
  • To assess if removing splanchnic sympathetic innervation affects 5-HT-induced hypotension.

Main Methods:

  • Infusion of 5-HT in anesthetized Sprague-Dawley rats to measure blood pressure and sympathetic nerve activity.
  • Electrical field stimulation of superior mesenteric arterial and venous rings to assess 5-HT's effect on neurogenic contraction.
  • Celiac ganglionectomy in rats to evaluate the role of sympathetic innervation in 5-HT-induced hypotension.

Main Results:

  • 5-HT infusion significantly reduced mean blood pressure but did not affect pre- or postganglionic splanchnic sympathetic nerve activity.
  • 5-HT and specific receptor agonists did not inhibit neurogenic contraction in superior mesenteric arterial or venous rings.
  • Celiac ganglionectomy did not alter the magnitude or time course of 5-HT-induced hypotension compared to sham procedures.

Conclusions:

  • 5-HT is unlikely to interact with the splanchnic sympathetic nervous system at the nerve or neuroeffector junction to lower blood pressure.
  • These findings rule out a direct interaction between 5-HT and the splanchnic sympathetic nervous system as the cause of 5-HT-induced hypotension.