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Related Concept Videos

Substance Use Disorders Affecting Sleep01:24

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Substance use disorders involve a pattern of using drugs more extensively than intended and continuing use despite harmful consequences. This includes legal substances like alcohol and nicotine, as well as illegal drugs. These disorders often involve both physical and psychological dependence, reflecting compulsive use of substances that significantly alter thoughts, feelings, and behaviors, contributing to a major public health issue.
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Medications are typically administered to achieve therapeutic effects. Some drugs can modify an individual's mood and perception, frequently resulting in various enjoyable experiences. However, this can result in drug dependency, a condition marked by continuous drug use despite potential negative consequences. Drug dependency primarily falls into two categories: psychological and physical dependence. Psychological dependence occurs when the pleasurable feelings induced by the drug...
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Ethanol, a clear colorless alcohol, has been consumed by humans for millennia, but its effects on the body are far from benign. At lower doses, it induces decreased inhibitions and loquaciousness, leading to its social appeal. However, it can cause severe consequences at higher doses, such as coma and respiratory depression, due to its zero-order elimination kinetics. Chronic ethanol abuse wreaks havoc on multiple organ systems, particularly the CNS and the liver. Abrupt cessation of ethanol...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 16, 2026

Investigating Drivers of Antireward in Addiction Behavior with Anatomically Specific Single-Cell Gene Expression Methods
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Biomarkers in substance use disorders.

Nora D Volkow1, George Koob1, Ruben Baler1

  • 1†National Institute on Drug Abuse and ‡National Institute of Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States.

ACS Chemical Neuroscience
|March 4, 2015
PubMed
Summary

Developing new biomarkers for substance use disorders (SUDs) is crucial. Advances in genetics and neuroimaging offer opportunities for better patient classification and treatment prediction in addiction.

Keywords:
AddictionEEGMRIPETdopamineendophenotypeepigeneticsgenetics

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Genetics
  • Psychiatry

Background:

  • Current biomarkers for substance use disorders (SUDs) primarily detect recent drug use.
  • There is a critical need for biomarkers reflecting chronic exposure and predicting treatment response.
  • Biomarkers are essential for reproducible patient classification and predictive validity in SUDs.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To highlight the need for advanced biomarkers in the prevention and treatment of SUDs.
  • To explore how new technologies can facilitate the development of these biomarkers.
  • To emphasize the potential impact on patient care and research.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current limitations in SUD biomarker detection.
  • Discussion of emerging technologies in genetics, epigenetics, epitranscriptomics.
  • Exploration of advancements in brain imaging (EEG) and neurochemistry analysis.

Main Results:

  • Direct drug metabolite measurement is limited to acute/recent use.
  • Genetics, epigenetics, and neuroimaging offer novel avenues for biomarker discovery.
  • These advances promise improved screening, treatment, and understanding of SUD neurobiology.

Conclusions:

  • New biomarkers are vital for classifying patients with SUDs and predicting outcomes.
  • Technological advancements provide unprecedented opportunities for developing these critical tools.
  • Progress in biomarker research will significantly advance SUD treatment and underlying neuroscience.