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Genome evolution: groping in the soil interstices.

Alessandro Minelli1

  • 1Department of Biology, University of Padova, I 35131 Padova, Italy.

Current Biology : CB
|March 4, 2015
PubMed
Summary
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The first myriapod genome sequence from the blind centipede Strigamia maritima shows it lacks light-sensing genes and a circadian clock. This ancient terrestrial animal also has unique chemosensory perception features.

Area of Science:

  • Genomics
  • Evolutionary Biology
  • Animal Physiology

Background:

  • Centipedes represent an ancient lineage of terrestrial arthropods.
  • Understanding their genetic makeup provides insights into early animal evolution.
  • Strigamia maritima is a blind centipede, offering a unique model for studying sensory adaptations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To present the first complete genome sequence of a myriapod, Strigamia maritima.
  • To investigate the genetic basis of sensory perception and circadian rhythms in this ancient lineage.
  • To identify unique genomic features related to adaptation in a light-deprived environment.

Main Methods:

  • Whole-genome sequencing of Strigamia maritima.
  • Bioinformatic analysis of gene content, focusing on sensory and clock-related genes.

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  • Comparative genomics to identify conserved and novel genetic elements.

    • Main Results:

    • The Strigamia maritima genome lacks genes for canonical light-sensory proteins (opsins).
    • The canonical circadian clock genes and pathways appear to be absent in this species.
    • Unusual gene families and expansions related to chemosensory perception were identified.

    Conclusions:

    • Strigamia maritima has evolved distinct sensory mechanisms, diverging significantly from other arthropods.
    • The absence of light-sensing genes and circadian clock components suggests adaptation to a subterranean or nocturnal lifestyle.
    • The unique chemosensory repertoire highlights novel evolutionary pathways for environmental interaction.